This research article focuses on the synthesis of ionic liquids from glucosamine, a renewable material obtained chitin. Our group previously experienced some obstacles in these glucosamine-based liquids, often due to sterical hindrance induced by dimethylated amino-group. In this work we present method using Borch reductive amination overcome limitations achieve dimethylethylamino-group. We fur...

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear polysaccharides made by all animal cells. GAGs bind to hundreds of proteins, such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, extracellular matrix components, protease inhibitors, proteases, and lipoprotein lipase, through carbohydrate and protein interactions. These interactions control many multicellular processes. The increased use of GAGs isolated from cel...

niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles that have potential applications in the delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. the topical form of n-acetyl glucosamine (nag) recently has been considered in the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders due to its inhibitory effect on thyrosinase enzymes in melanocytes. to improve nag penetration into the skin we formulated the drug in niosomes...

Impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes in rodents are associated with increased islet blood flow. If this is important for modulation of the endocrine function is at present unknown. We evaluated if glucosamine infusion, which induces peripheral insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, could be used to acutely increase islet blood flow. We infused anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats fo...

D-Glucosamine is a useful medicament in various fields of medicine and dentistry. With respect to stability of the cell membrane, it has been reported that bradykinin-induced nociceptive responses are significantly suppressed by the direct application of D-glucosamine. Electroporation is usually used to effectively introduce foreign genes into tissue culture cells. Buffers for electroporation w...

The purified capsids of echovirus I2 were found to contain radioactivity when radioactive glucosamine was provided for virus-infected cultures. Radioactivity was identified with glucosamine, after recovery from the virus particles by acid hydrolysis and paper chromatography. Although the label was not removable from the isolated virus particles without destruction of virus, polyacrylamide gel e...

The burden of musculoskeletal disease has increased significantly to become the second leading cause YLD (years life with disability). Osteoarthritis (OA) therapy that is often given ibuprofen (NSAID) give side effects. Therefore, it necessary conduct a literature review explore evidence how much potential these materials have for treating OA. was conducted on four databases, e.g., Pubmed, Scop...

Several recent studies indicated that amino sugars were likely to be major components of marine carbon and nitrogen cycles, but there has been insufficient data to investigate this hypothesis. In the present study, hydrolyzable amino sugars were measured in a variety of marine organisms and particulate organic matter (POM) and in ultrafiltered dissolved organic matter (UDOM) from various ocean ...

Glucosamine in its acetylated form is a natural constituent of some glycosaminoglycans (for example, hyaluronic acid and keratan sulfate) in the proteoglycans found in articular cartilage, intervertebral disc and synovial fluid. Glucosamine can be extracted and stabilized by chemical modification and used as a drug or a nutraceutical. It has been approved for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA...

Glucosamine is known to be a constituent of the numerous mucocomplexes in man. These serve many important functions in the form of intercellular components, cementing substances, lubricants in joint and ocular fluids, and as aids to intestinal motility in the form of mucins of the alimentary tract. However, apart from a few very incomplete early reports on the fate of glucosamine in biological ...