Over-nutrition has fuelled the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes, but the role of individual macronutrients to the diabetogenic process is not well delineated. We aimed to examine the impact of dietary fatty acid intake on fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose concentrations, as well as tissue-specific insulin action governing each. Normoglycemic controls (n = 15), athletes (n = 14), and obese (n ...

Glucokinase (GK) is required for cellular glucose sensing, although there is a paucity of data regarding its role in the counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia in humans. Because fructose has been shown to modulate GK activity, we examined the effects of an acute infusion of fructose on hypoglycemia counterregulation in seven lean nondiabetic subjects. Using stepped hypoglycemia clamp studi...

Panchapakesan, U., S. Sumual, C. A. Pollock, and X. Chen. PPAR agonists exert antifibrotic effects in renal tubular cells exposed to high glucose. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 289: F1153–F1158, 2005. First published May 10, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00097.2005.—Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR ) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate cell growth, inflammation, li...

Effects of supplemental glucose and degradable intake protein on nutrient digestion and urea kinetics in steers (Bos taurus) given ad libitum access to prairie hay (4.7% CP) were quantified. Six ruminally and duodenally cannulated steers (initial BW 391 kg) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square with 2 extra steers. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial and included 0 or 1.2 kg of glucose an...

BACKGROUND Although cognitive impairment is not a consistent feature of multiple system atrophy (MSA), increasing evidence suggests that cognitive impairment is common in MSA with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P). It is assumed that the cognitive impairment in MSA-P is caused by the striatal dysfunction and disruption of striatofrontal connections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rela...

background: this study conducted as part of a screening program for the promotion of community health in the primary care setting of ormos korthi in andros, greece. the objective of this study was to identify the levels of glucose and total cholesterol in individuals without major cardiovascular problems in order to identify cases of undetected dyslipidemia and high blood glucose levels, in a r...

BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia is a known predictor of negative outcomes in stroke. Several glycemic measures, including admission random glucose, fasting glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), have been associated with bad neurological outcomes in acute ischemic stroke, particularly in nondiabetic patients. However, the predictive power of these glycemic measures is yet to be investigated. METH...

Patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) have both preprandial and postprandial hyperglycemia. To determine the mechanism responsible for the postprandial hyperglycemia, insulin secretion, insulin action, and the pattern of carbohydrate metabolism after glucose ingestion were assessed in patients with NIDDM and in matched nondiabetic subjects using the dual isotope and forea...

Human endothelial cells were exposed to 5 mM glucose (control), 25 mM (high) glucose, or osmotic control for 72 h. TGF-beta1 production, cell growth, death, and cell cycle progression, and the effects of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta neutralization on these parameters were studied. High glucose and hyperosmolarity increased endothelial TGF-beta1 secretion (P < 0.0001) and bioactivity (P < 0.0001). How...

BACKGROUND To describe the morphology of glucose curve during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and any association with glucose tolerance, insulin action and secretion in obese youth. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS OGTT data of 553 patients were analysed. Subjects were divided in groups based on the morphology (i.e. monophasic, biphasic, triphasic and upward monotonous) of gluc...