In honeybee flight muscle, there are close matches between physiological flux rates and the maximal activities (Vmax; determined using crude homogenates) of key enzymes catalyzing non-equilibrium reactions in carbohydrate oxidation. In contrast, phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), which catalyzes a reaction believed to be close to equilibrium, occurs at Vmax values greatly in excess of glycolytic f...

Allozyme variation at the phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) locus in the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) is associated with variation in flight metabolic rate, dispersal rate, fecundity and local population growth rate. To map allozyme to DNA variation and to survey putative functional variation in genomic DNA, we cloned the coding sequence of Pgi and identified nonsynonymous vari...

The metabolism of mannose by human erythrocytes has been investigated. Phosphorylation of mannose is achieved by an enzyme with electrophoretic mobility on starch gel indistinguishable from the glucose-phosphorylating enzyme. Mannose phosphorylation is competitively inhibited by glucose; glucose phosphorylation is competitively inhibited by mannose. The K(i) values of inhibition are similar to ...

Recently, cupin type phosphoglucose isomerases have been described as a novel protein family representing a separate lineage in the evolution of phosphoglucose isomerases. The importance of eight active site residues completely conserved within the cPGI family has been assessed by site-directed mutagenesis using the cPGI from Archaeoglobus fulgidus (AfcPGI) as a model. The mutants T63A, G79A, G...

When organ damage is assessed from activities of tissue enzymes in plasma, it is assumed that variations in tissue enzyme content, both among individuals and between different sites within an organ, are small. We checked these assumptions, using canine heart and liver. We determined creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2), lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1.1.1.27), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; EC 2....

ALT 12.6±0.9 81.5± 11.1 121.0±40.9 AP 111.7 ± 4.6 578.7 ± 65.2 896.5 ± 101 GGT 14.4 ± 1.4 236.2 ± 30.9 341.0 ± 93.5 M., and Neal F. E., An optimized semi-automatic rate method for serum glutathione reductase activity and its application topstients with malignant disease. J. Clin. Pat hol. 29,73-77 (1976). 8. Schwartz, M. K., Bethune, V. G., Bachl, B. L., and Woodbridge, J. E., New assay for mea...

References 1. Bodansky 0, Schwartz MK. Phosphohexoseisomerase: clinical aspects. Methods Enzymol 1966;9:568-75. 2. Hilf R, Feldstein ML, Gibson SL, Savlov ED. A logistic model based on enzyme activities for the prediction of response of breast cancer patients to chemotherapy. Cancer 1982;50:1734-8. 3. Mitchell I, Deshpande N, Millis R, Rubens RD. The activity of phosphohexose isomerase in prima...

Although genotype-by-environment interaction has long been used to unveil the genetic variation that affects Darwinian fitness, the mechanisms underlying the interaction usually remain unknown. Genetic variation at the dimeric glycolytic enzyme phosphoglucoisomerase (Pgi) has been observed to interact with temperature to explain the variation in the individual performance of the butterfly Melit...

In this Supplementary Appendix, we first describe in detail which information can be propagated in models described in the Systems Biology Markup Language. We further show how the two propagation schemes discussed in the main text feature propagation and similarity propagation are mathematically related. Then, we discuss ways to normalise propagated similarities and explain how our scoring func...