Abstract: Aim In this study, we investigated the effects of secondary PET microplastics (< 53 µm) on Daphnia similis basic life-history parameters survival, age at first reproduction and total offspring number. We also analyzed D. enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase glutathione-S-transferase) sub-effect concentrations. Methods performed acute chronic toxicity tests using six c...

Pharmaceuticals, which are designed to be biologically active at low concentrations, found in surface waters, meaning aquatic organisms can exposed complex mixtures of pharmaceuticals. In this study, the adverse effects four pharmaceuticals, 17?-ethynylestradiol (synthetic estrogen), methotrexate (anticancer drug), diclofenac (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) and fluoxetine (antidepressant)...

In chronic kidney disease patients, oxidative stress is generally associated with disease progression and pathogenesis of its comorbidities. Phenyl sulfate is a protein-bound uremic solute, which accumulates in chronic kidney disease patients, but little is known about its nature. Although many reports revealed that protein-bound uremic solutes induce reactive oxygen species production, the eff...

Disturbances in the antioxidant system could play a role in pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the levels/activities of antioxidants in blood of patients with chronic liver disease. We estimated selenium and glutathione concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activities in blood of 59 patients with chronic hepatitis B or C virus infection (group 1) and...

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells cultured in vitro were continuously exposed to increasing concentrations of diethylmaleate (DEM). Chronic exposure of these cells (designated CHO/DEM) to 80 microM diethylmaleate resulted in an increase in cystine transport, a decrease in glutathione inhibition of the enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, elevation of intracellular glutathione levels to 4.3...

A rapid decrease of intracellular glutathione (GSH) was observed when exponentially growing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were treated with sublethal concentrations of either dimethyldithiocarbamic acid or thiram [bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide]. The underlying mechanism of this effect possibly involves the intracellular oxidation of dimethyldithiocarbamate anions to thiram, which in ...

A new method for the determination of glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes was developed. The present method was applied to the measurement of hydrogen peroxide removal rates by glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes at 70 microM hydrogen peroxide under simulated in vivo conditions. The removal rates by glutathione peroxidase in mouse erythrocytes were twenty-times faster than those ...

To obtain high levels of glutathione in isolated hepatocytes an isolation procedure shorter than 16 min was used. This procedure gave a moderately high yield of viable cells (200--300 X 10(6) cells/10 g liver) with 44 +/- 3 nmol of glutathione/10(6) cells. Incubation in Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 2% albumin resulted in a continuous loss of reduced glutathione from the cells, while incu...