During hyperglycemia, the first step toward the formation of advanced glycation end products is the nonenzymatic glycation between the carbonyl group of a sugar and the primary amino group of a protein. Advanced glycation end products are then produced through more complex reactions. Reactive oxygen species derived from advanced glycation end products may play a key role in inflammation of the ...

Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) has been implicated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) through accumulation of protein amyloid aggregates in motor neurons of patients. Amyloid aggregates and protein inclusions are a common pathological feature of many neurological disorders in which protein aggregation seems to be directly related to neurotoxicity. Although, extensive studies perf...

Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of molecules produced from non-enzymatic glycation. Accumulation of AGEs in vivo plays an important role in the pathology of chronic human diseases including type-2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Natural AGEs inhibitors such as the pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit show great potential for the management of these diseases. Her...

The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is associated with the complications of diabetes, kidney disease, metabolic disorders and degenerative diseases. It is recognized that the pool of glycation products found in the human body comes not only from an endogenous formation, but also from a dietary exposure to exogenous AGEs. In recent years, the development of pharmacological...

We compared the fructosamine activity in sera from healthy and diabetic subjects with the degree of protein glycation detected by a liquid-chromatographic method. The latter technique measures furosine as a specific product after hydrolysis of epsilon-amino-fructose-lysine. Our results indicate that the fructosamine assay measures the extent of glycation of purified human serum albumin correctl...

Protein glycation and the formation of AGEs (advanced glycation end-products) and cross-links have been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of age- and diabetes-related complications. The discovery that FN3K (fructosamine 3-kinase) results in protein deglycation upon phosphorylation of glucose-derived Amadori products suggests that intracellular glycation could be deleterious under ...

The chaperone-like activity of α-crystallin is considered to play an important role in the maintenance of the transparency of the eye lens. However, in the case of aging and in diabetes, the chaperone function of α-crystallin is compromized, resulting in cataract formation. Several post-translational modifications, including non-enzymatic glycation, have been shown to affect the chaperone funct...

The nonenzymatic reaction between amino groups of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids with carbonyl group of reducing sugars is called glycation. Glycation primarily occurs at intrachain lysine residues of proteins and involves the condensation reaction of the carbonyl group of reducing sugar aldehydes with the amino groups of lysine residues. Several other carbonyl compounds bearing a reducing ...

We glycated immunoglobulins from commercial kits designed to measure human ferritin, thyrotropin, and transferrin, and compared the calibration curves for assays utilizing glycated antibodies with those of assays utilizing non-glycated antibodies. Glycation was verified by borate affinity chromatography and assay with thiobarbituric acid reagent. We found no evidence that antigen-antibody bindi...

Non-enzymatic glycation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) may contribute to the premature atherogenesis of patients with diabetes mellitus. To assess whether glycation of apolipoprotein B, the predominant protein of LDL, interferes with the ability to immunologically quantify this protein, we prepared and purified glycated LDL by incubating normal plasma samples with high concentrations of gluco...