Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks have been drawing significant attention in the area of information management and sharing recently. Unlike the World Wide Web (WWW), every peer in a P2P network is both client and server. It hosts information for sharing and submits queries to search for information from all of the other peers at the same time. There are a large number of studies related to the infor...

We introduce a scalable searching protocol for locating and retrieving content in random networks with heavy-tailed and in particular power-law (PL) degree distributions. The proposed algorithm is capable of finding any content in the network with probability one in time O(logN), with a total traffic that provably scales sub-linearly with the network size,N. Unlike other proposed solutions, the...

In this paper, we characterize the user behavior in a peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing network. Our characterization is based on the results of an extensive passive measurement study of the messages exchanged in the Gnutella P2P file sharing system. Using the data recorded during this measurement study, we analyze which queries a user issues and which files a user shares. The investigation of us...

In unstructured peer-to-peer networks, such as Gnutella, peers propagate query messages towards the resource holders by flooding them through the network. This is, however, a costly operation since it consumes node and link resources excessively and often unnecessarily. There is no reason, for example, for a peer to receive a query message if the peer has no matching resource or is not on the p...

The Internet community has recently been focused on peer-to-peer systems like Napster, Gnutella, and Freenet. The grand vision — a decentralized community of machines pooling their resources to benefit everyone — is compelling for many reasons: scalability, robustness, lack of need for administration, and even anonymity and resistance to censorship. Existing peer-to-peer (P2P) systems have focu...

Cooperation is a central tenet of peer-to-peer systems. Without cooperation, users of a file-sharing system such as Gnutella suffer long download delays, if they are able to download at all [1]. Unfortunately, users have a natural disincentive to cooperate because allowing uploads may delay their own file downloads (see Section 2.1). In general, a disincentive to cooperate leads to the “tragedy...

RÉSUMÉ. Depuis l’apparition de nouveaux protocoles comme Gnutella, l’Internet constitue une plateforme pour des systèmes pair-à-pair (P2P) d’échange de fichiers. Domaine d’application privilégié pour les SMAs, ces systèmes font émerger des nouvelles problématiques en termes d’allocation de ressources. Dans cet article, notre objectif consiste à proposer un mécanisme de rétribution incitant les ...

大規模なインターネット上分散システムでは、ノー ド数が数万、数百万と増えてもなお性能や可用性、耐 故障性を保つために、自律的・非集中的にアプリケー ションレベルのネットワークを構成することが不可欠 となる。ここで構成されるネットワークは、下位ネッ トワークの物理的なトポロジとは独立した独自のトポ ロジを持つため、オーバレイネットワークと呼ばれ、 検索やマルチキャストなどの機能を提供する。 現在すでに、同時参加台数が 100 万を超えるコ ンテンツ共有ネットワーク(FastTrack, eDonkey2K, Gnutella)が存在する。その検索用ネットワークはオー バレイである。 オーバレイネットワークを構築・保守する方式は、 大きく、非構造化オーバレイ(unstructured overlay) と構造化オーバレイ(structured overlay)に分類され る。非構造化オー...

In this paper, we apply the theory predicting neighbor distribution of arbitrary random graphs to analyze the network coverage of the peers in unstructured peer-to-peer(p2p) networks that use TTLbased flooding mechanism for search and query. However, we find that for many cases, the theory cannot be directly applied to obtain correct estimate of network coverage due to the presence of certain t...

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems provide a new solution to distributed information and resource sharing because of its outstanding properties in decentralisation, dynamics, flexibility, autonomy and cooperation, summarised as DDFAC in this paper. After a detailed analysis of the current P2P literature, this paper suggests to better exploit peer social relationships and peer autonomy in order to achie...