Our recent study on the effects of neutering (including spaying) in Golden Retrievers in markedly increasing the incidence of two joint disorders and three cancers prompted this study and a comparison of Golden and Labrador Retrievers. Veterinary hospital records were examined over a 13-year period for the effects of neutering during specified age ranges: before 6 mo., and during 6-11 mo., year...

The political media communication system began to develop, in a first phase, the two decades after Second World War, this period being called by Blumler and Kavanagh (1999) as "the golden age of parties" or “the newspapers”. In 1960s, new stage evolution systems began, when few national televisions put monopoly on market, becoming dominant medium which unfolded. This was named television era" m...