Newly developed genetic models indicate that estrogen receptors (ERs) alone mediate prenatal masculinization of the mouse brain to organize reproductive and territorial behaviors, while postnatal activation of androgen receptors (ARs) potentiates specific components of those behaviors. These results and others offer a model of how AR and ER pathways interact to fully masculinize the brain and b...

A premenarcheal girl aged 12 years presented with an abdominopelvic mass and virilisation. A large ovarian cyst was removed at laparotomy. A histological diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome was made, with no evidence of an associated masculinising tumour.

Objective: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder is the second common cancer of the genitourinary tract. Several parameters such as clinical and pathological parameters, molecular factors, and etc play a role in determination of prognosis and type of treatment. In this research study, ...

The article was first report a case of a 32-year-old female with NPC that is G6PD-deficient. The patient completed induction chemotherapy and concomitant chemoradiotherapy successfully. The patient experienced grade 1 neutropenia , grade 1 diarrhea, and grade 2 acne-like skin reactions during the three cycles of  induction chemotherapy. Grade 1 neutropenia, grade 1 diarrhea, grade 2 oral mucosi...

Background: Identifying lower extremity defects during high impact activity, such as landing, especially in young athletes who play team sports, could help to prevent non-contact lower extremity injuries. The Tuck Jump Assessment (TJA) is a screening instrument designed to recognize neuromuscular deficits related to Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury. The current study investigated the pre...

background: screening of students ´ health problems could lead to timely prevention and control of many health disorders. this study aimed to determine the nationwide prevalence of common disorders through school health screening program in iran methods: this cross-sectional national screening program was conducted in 2007-2008 among first- and third-grade- stu­dents in primary schools, first- ...

background and objectives: gliomas are the most prevalent primary brain tumors. the purpose of this retrospective cohort study was evaluation of clinical trend and prognosis of patients with brain glioma and effective factors in prognosis. materials and methods: hundred and forty-five patients with supratentorial brain glioma, treated in shahid mostafa khomeini & hazrat-e-rasool hospitals i...

OBJECTIVE Brain volume of boys is larger than that of girls by approximately 10%. Prenatal exposure to testosterone has been suggested in the masculinization of the brain. For example, in litter-bearing mammals intrauterine position increases prenatal testosterone exposure through adjacent male fetuses, resulting in masculinization of brain morphology. DESIGN The influence of intrauterine pre...