ness of titles. The total Titles scores for Years 1984, 1990, 1998, and 2008 increased up to fifth grade, remained static in sixth grade, t(36,664)1⁄4 3.40, p1⁄4 .043, seventh and eighth grades, t(44,612)1⁄4 2.02, p1⁄4 .001, and high school, t(29,475)1⁄4 1.12, p1⁄4 .001, as Figure 1 shows. Titles scores significantly increased in adults, t(15,602)1⁄4 14.84, p< .001. FIGURE 1 Total Fluency, Orig...

The present study used the choice/no-choice method to investigate the effect of math anxiety on the strategy used in computational estimation and mental arithmetic tasks and to examine age-related differences in this regard. Fifty-seven fourth graders, 56 sixth graders, and 60 adults were randomly selected to participate in the experiment. Results showed the following: (1) High-anxious individu...

OBJECTIVE To examine the risk behaviors associated with participation in the "choking game" by eighth-graders in Oregon. METHODS We obtained data from the 2009 Oregon Healthy Teens survey, a cross-sectional weighted survey of 5348 eighth-graders that questioned lifetime prevalence and frequency of choking game participation. The survey also included questions about physical and mental health,...

Orthographic neighborhood size (N size) effect in Chinese character naming has been studied in adults. In the present study, we aimed to explore the developmental characteristics of Chinese N size effect. One hundred and seventeen students (40 from the 3(rd) grade with mean age of 9 years; 40 from the 5(th) grade with mean age of 11 years; 37 from the 7(th) grade with mean age of 13 years) were...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of Project ALERT on adolescents' lifetime and 30-day use of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and inhalants. DESIGN Cluster randomized trial. SETTING Schools from 11 states were enrolled in 2 successive cohorts from 2004 to 2008. PARTICIPANTS All public schools in the United States that included grades 6 through 8 and enrolled at least 100 students in sixth...

Researchers have explored various diagnostic cues to the accuracy of information provided by child eyewitnesses. Previous studies indicated that children's confidence in their reports predicts the relative accuracy of these reports, and that the confidence-accuracy relationship generally improves as children grow older. In this study, we examined the added contribution of response latency to th...

Evaluating open-response assignments in Massive Open Online Courses is a difficult task because of the huge number of students involved. Peer grading is an effective method to address this problem. There are two basic approaches in the literature: cardinal and ordinal. The first case uses grades assigned by student-graders to a set of assignments of other colleagues. In the ordinal approach, th...

Prepared for Dropouts in America: How severe is the problem? What do we know about intervention and prevention? The content or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Education or any other agency of the U.S. Government. Introduction The beginning of high school is a critical time for students. Research shows that making a successful transition to hig...