Abstract We develop a fully discrete finite volume element scheme of the two-dimensional space-fractional convection–diffusion equation using method to discretize derivative and Crank–Nicholson for time discretization. also analyze prove stability convergence given scheme. Finally, we validate our theoretical analysis by data from three examples.

Fractional order diffusion equations are generalizations of classical diffusion equations, treating super-diffusive flow processes. In this paper, we examine a practical numerical method which is second-order accurate in time and in space to solve a class of initial-boundary value fractional diffusive equations with variable coefficients on a finite domain. An approach based on the classical Cr...

A commutative ring A is said to be clean if every element of A can be written as a sum of a unit and an idempotent. This definition dates back to 1977 where it was introduced by W. K. Nicholson [7]. In 2002, V. P. Camillo and D. D. Anderson [1] investigated commutative clean rings and obtained several important results. In [4] Han and Nicholson show that if A is a semiperfect ring, then A[Z2] i...

There are several different approaches to physiotherapy treatment after stroke. These can broadly be divided into approaches that are based on neurophysiological, motor learning, or orthopaedic principles. Some physiotherapists base their treatment on a single approach, whereas others use a mixture of components from a number of different approaches. The practical application of these approache...

Incomplete recovery following reversal of neuromuscular blockade can present as a clinical problem in surgical patients. Emerging pharmacologic solutions may prevent such adverse outcomes in the future. We briefly review two methods of pharmacologic reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Both methods of reversal are effective. However the early studies of the new compound, sugammadex has been show...

139 Theory, Method, and Data in Comparative Criminology by Gregory J. Howard, Graeme Newman, and William Alex Pridemore The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of the recently rejuvenated field of comparative criminology. It begins by considering the context and history of comparative criminology and continues by outlining the contemporary comparative perspective. After identifying s...

Word bigram models estimated from text corpora require smoothing methods to estimate the probabilities of unseen bigrams. The deleted estimation method uses the formula: Pr(i j j) = fi + (1 )fijj ; where fi and fijj are the relative frequency of i and the conditional relative frequency of i given j, respectively, and is an optimized parameter. MacKay (1994) proposes a Bayesian approach using Di...

Four cases of a form of obstructive uropathy previously unreported in children are described. All presented with oligoanuria and either flank pain or fluid retention and had evidence of crystalline sludge in their lower ureters. Three cases had an underlying crystalluria. Currently children who present with oligoanuria after acute dehydrating or diarrhoeal illnesses are invariably assumed to ha...

Metabolomics were initially defined as the global analysis of all metabolites present in a sample (metabolomics) and the analysis of metabolic responses to drugs and diseases (metabonomics) [Nicholson et al., 1999, Fiehn 2002, Weckwerth and Morgenthal 2005]. These two definitions have an historical origin, while metabolomics has its foundations in microbial and plant sciences metabonomics origi...