Abstract A ‘universal grammar’ for the full spectrum of visualization types is discussed. The grammar enables analysis any type regarding its syntactic constituents, such as visual encodings and components that are used. Such an a visualization, describing compositional syntax, can be represented specification tree. Colour coded tree branches between constituent enforce combination rules visual...

if we take ibn malik as the connecting chain of the interconnected history of syntax, we will find him among the last analytic scholars and theorist grammarians, since in his era, the principles of syntax has been established and grammarians didn’t provide new ideas. but discussion of ibn malik’s innovative syntactic approaches is important because of two reasons. due to his authoritative posit...

In Chomskyan views of linguistics, syntax is a preeminent independent level whose knowledge is mainly innate. Semantics is then usually seen as a secondary structure deduced from the syntactic analysis. The Principle of Compositionality is, in this context, a precise way of specifying the passage from syntax to semantics. But from an emergence perspective, this conception is very awkward. As a ...

We investigate the possibility of modelling the syntax and semantics of natural language by constraints, or rules, imposed by the multi-dimensional type theory Nabla. The only multiplicity we explicitly consider is two, namely one dimension for the syntax and one dimension for the semantics, but the general perspective is important. For example, issues of pragmatics could be handled as addition...

This paper presents a large-scale computational grammar of Greek, couched in the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. The grammar is being developed in the context of M-PIRO, a multilingual natural language generation project, where personalized descriptions of museum exhibits are generated automatically from a single database source. Although the grammar is still under development, it...

The semantic formalism reference attribute grammars (RAGs) allows graphs to be superimposed on abstract syntax trees. This paper investigates how RAGs can be used to model visual languages, with a case study of a control language that also has a textual syntax. The language contains blocks on which a total execution order is defined based on connections and layout information. One strength of R...

This paper presents a new strict, purely functional implementation of attribute grammars. Incremental evaluation is obtained via standard function memoization. Our new implementation of attribute grammars increases the incremental behaviour of the evaluators by both reducing the memoization overhead and increasing their potential incrementallity. We present also an attribute grammar transformat...