many factors affect wastewater management and utilization plans’ success with any change occurring in any of these factors leading to various feedbacks on other elements of wastewater use system. hence, development of a model with the capability of simulation of all factors, aspects and interactions that affect wastewater utilization indispensable. the objective followed in this study was to mo...

In the context of agricultural nitrogen excesses in northwestern France, pyrite-bearing weathered schist aquifers represent important hydrological compartments due to their capacity to eliminate nitrate (NO3-). Under oxygen-free conditions, nitrate is reduced simultaneously with the oxidation of pyrite leading to the release of sulfate (SO4/2-). The aim of the present study is to identify the h...

The hydrogeological system of an ecologically sensitive alpine floodplain in the Valle di Blenio, Switzerland, was investigated using hydrochemical and 3H-3He dating methods. Water samples from six wells and from different surface locations were analyzed. The analysis of the concentrations of major ions in conjunction with age determination by the 3H-3He-method allowed the main hydrological pro...

The ground-water system beneath the Amargosa Desert in southern Nevada and southeastern California (Figure 1) is under increasing demands from agricultural, commercial, and residential users. The Cenozoic basin fill in the Amargosa Desert basin has great lithologic diversity and state of consolidation, and is thus hydrogeologically heterogeneous. However the configuration and continuity of basi...

In the 1970s, the word ‘‘hydroschizophrenia’’ was used to describe the attitude of decision makers, who played down the role of ground water relative to surface water resources. More than 30 years later, this situation has not changed. Take as an example the Ministerial Declaration signed by more than 100 ‘‘Water Ministers’’ at the Third World Water Forum (Kyoto, March 2003) in which ground wat...

Water shortage is a serious constraint on crop production on the North China Plain (NCP), where cropland is mainly irrigated by pumping groundwater from alluvial aquifers. To develop a sustainable ground water and irrigation management strategy, we developed a three-layer soil water balance model which is easy to use, robust, but physically based simulation tool. The model successfully simulate...

In China, 9Ð5% of the landmass is karst terrain and of that 47,000 km2 is located in semiarid regions. In these regions the karst aquifers feed many large karst springs within basins of thousands of square kilometres. Spring discharges reflect the fluctuation of ground water level and variability of ground water storage in the basins. However, karst aquifers are highly heterogeneous and monitor...