background: this study aimed to define and compare the efficiency and complication between hd and levonorgestrel tablets as an emergency contraceptive method. methods: in this double blind clinical trial, the subjects included 68 women aged 15-45 years with regular menstruation cycles referred to isfahan health centers within the first 72 hours after their unprotected coitus between may to sep ...

We have analysed the efficiency of all mitochondrial protein coding genes and six nuclear markers (Adora3, Adrb2, Bdnf, Irbp, Rag2 and Vwf) in reconstructing and statistically supporting known amniote groups (murines, rodents, primates, eutherians, metatherians, therians). The efficiencies of maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference, maximum parsimony, neighbor-joining and UPGMA were also evaluat...

BACKGROUND DNA microarrays are a core element of modern genomics research and medical diagnostics, allowing the simple and simultaneous determination of the relative abundances of hundreds of thousands to millions of genomic DNA or RNA sequences in a sample. Photolithographic in situ synthesis, using light projection from a digitally-controlled array of micromirrors, has been successful at both...

Efficiently growing a group or firm often requires integration of individuals from lower-performing entities. We explore the effectiveness of two policies intended to facilitate such integration, using a laboratory experiment that models production as a coordination game with Pareto-ranked equilibria. We initially create an efficient group and an inefficient one. We then allow individuals to mo...

Using a sample of 12,136 firm-years between 1993 and 1998, I examine the investment policies of firms in Japanese industrial groups. My findings indicate that internal capital markets among keiretsu firms are active. Investment at the firm level is positively correlated with cash flows from the remainder of the keiretsu. Furthermore, firms in industrial groups tend to invest more than predicted...

The beef industry in the United States is developing programs to minimize excess fat produced, increase consistency of product and to identify and reward individual owners for superior performance in the feedlot. In the U.S., Strategic Alliances between cow-calf, feedlot and packer segments of the industry are being developed to accomplish this goal. Integrated production and marketing systems ...

How bats adapt their sonar behavior to accommodate the noisiness of a crowded day roost is a mystery. Some bats change their pulse acoustics to enhance the distinction between theirs and another bat's echoes, but additional mechanisms are needed to explain the bat sonar system's exceptional resilience to jamming by conspecifics. Variable pulse repetition rate strategies offer one potential solu...

There is much interest in finding short presentations for the finite simple groups. In a previous paper we produced nice efficient presentations for all small simple groups and for their covering groups. Here we extend those results from simple group order less than 100,000 up to order one million, but we leave one simple group and one covering group for which the efficiency question remains un...