A close study of population trends in the world reveals some curious features in the context of economic development. Even a casual look at the demographic figures of both advanced and under-developed countries explains the role of population in the economy. Although population has emerged as a problem of the entire world, yet its impact is most felt in under-developed countries where numbers h...

In this paper we develop a theoretical framework for investigating pattern formation in biological systems for which the tissue on which the spatial pattern resides is growing at a rate which is itself regulated by the diffusible chemicals that establish the spatial pattern. We present numerical simulations for two cases of interest, namely exponential domain growth and chemically controlled gr...

Epitaxy is the growth of a thin film by attachment to an existing substrate in which the crystalline properties of the film are determined by those of the substrate. In heteroepitaxy, the substrate and film are of different materials, and the resulting mismatch between lattice constants can introduce stress into the system. We have developed an island dynamics model for epitaxial growth that is...

The purpose of this paper has been to explore the relationship between upper airway obstruction and craniofacial growth. A review of the literature and of a preliminary study by the author in collaboration with investigators at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh indicate both the spectrum of skeletal and dental configurations which are associated with upper airway obstruction and the signifi...

1. A quantitative study of the growth of Clytia johnstoni is described. 2. The distance between hydranths is most commonly between 3 and 4 mm. The average internode lengths and their variability frequently differs not only between colonies but also between stolons of a single colony. The differences are therefore unlikely to be genetic ones. Occasionally much longer internodes occur (up to 8 mm...

Spatial agent models can be used to explore self-organising effects such as pattern growth and segregation. We employ our predator-prey model to study these emergent behaviours in systems of up to around one million animat agents. We compare the patterns, structures and emergent properties of our model with the spatial patterns formed in non-intelligence based models that are governed only by s...

Article history: Received 28 October 2011 Received in revised form 23 June 2013 Accepted 25 June 2013 Available online 13 July 2013 Frequent episode discovery is a popular framework for pattern discovery from sequential data. It has found many applications in domains like alarmmanagement in telecommunication networks, fault analysis in the manufacturing plants, predicting user behavior in web c...

Meningiomas are the most common primary nonneuroglial extra-axial neoplasms, which commonly present as spherical or oval masses with a dural attachment. Meningiomas without dural attachment are rare and, according to their locations, are classified into 5 varieties, including intraventricular, deep Sylvain fissure, pineal region, intraparenchymal, or subcortical meningiomas. To the best of our ...

Using M-mode echocardiography, we measured dimensions of the ventricular walls and cavities, great vessels, and left atrium and atrioventricular valve excursions on 93 infants and children without heart disease. The data were analyzed by relating each dimension in mm to body surface area in m2 and the 90% tolerance limits for the data were calculated. The tolerance lines of the data were wider ...

background: this study sought to assess symphyseal morphology in adolescents with different mandibular growth patterns (mgps) in order to see if a relation exists. materials and methods: in this study the symphyseal parameters (height, depth, and ratio) of normal subjects were compared with four groups with malocclusion (cl iii vertical, cl ii vertical, cl iii horizontal, and cl ii horizontal)....