In this paper, a new Global System of Mobile Communications (GSM) authentication protocol is proposed to improve some drawbacks of the current GSM authentication protocol for roaming users including: (a) communication overhead between VLR; (b) huge bandwidth consumption between VLR and HLR; (c) storage space overhead in VLR; (d) overloaded in HLR with authentication of mobile stations; and (e) ...

Energy consumption in cellular networks is receiving significant attention from academia and the industry due to its significant potential economic and ecological influence. Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the main pillars of sustainability and environmental compatibility. Technological advancements and cost reduction for photovoltaics are making cellular base stations (BSs; a key so...

Due to the importance of neural stem cells (NSCs) in plasticity of the nervous system and treating neurodegenerative diseases, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted from a GSM 900-MHz mobile phone with different exposure duration on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of adult murine NSCs in vitro. We used neurosphere assay to evalu...

An investigation was made of 8-hour EEG tracings of sleeping humans exposed to the electromagnetic field of a GSM-standard mobile phone. To analyze the EEG-patterns, manual scoring, nonlinear dynamics, and spectral analysis were employed. It was found that, when human beings were exposed to the electromagnetic field of a cellular phone, their cerebral cortex biopotentials revealed an increase i...

Widespread concerns have been raised about the possibility that exposure to the radiofrequency (RF) fields from mobile telephones or their base stations could affect people's health. Such has been the rapid growth of mobile telecommunications that there will be about one billion mobile phone users before 2005. Already there are more mobile than fixed-line users. Developing countries are establi...

A hybrid location finding technique based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) with round-trip time (RTT) measurements is proposed for a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) network. In this technique, a mobile station measures timing from at least three base stations using user equipment receive–transmit (UE Rx– Tx) time difference and at least three base stations measure timing from...

Concern about human exposure to radiofrequency (RF) is not new. The conveniences and satisfaction derived in the use of GSM mobile phone is being threatened by claims of adverse effects on human health by radiation coming from this device. This radiation belongs to the type called non-ionizing radiation the health hazard of which remains debatable. Research has not been carried out on possible ...

Embedded System based submersible motor control to prevent it from over load, dry run and single phasing using GSM for Agriculture Irrigation is the work done in this project which can be used to control and monitor the submersible motor used for agriculture irrigation using GSM network. This project provides the development of mobile phone as remote control application for submersible motor pu...