This is a phase II study to determine the efficacy and toxicity of intravesical Taxotere in conjunction with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-Interferon Alpha IIB (IFN) in the treatment of recurrent superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. The purpose of this trial is to see whether the addition of intravesical Taxotere to BCG-INF increases disease-free survival by a ...

Cancer is one of the most common families diseases today with millions new patients every year around world. Bladder cancer (BC) prevalent types affecting both genders, and it not known to be associated a specific group in population. The current treatment standard for BC follows weekly Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy-based therapy protocol which includes BCG IL-2 injections. Unfor...

BACKGROUND A new vaccine is urgently needed to combat tuberculosis. However, without a correlate of protection, selection of the vaccines to take forward into large-scale efficacy trials is difficult. Use of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as a surrogate for human Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge is a novel model that could aid selection. METHODS Healthy adults were assigned to groups A and...

Despite its relatively poor efficacy, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been used as a tuberculosis (TB) vaccine since its development in 1921. BCG induces robust T helper 1 (Th1) immune responses but, for many individuals, this is not sufficient for host resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection. Here we provide evidence that early secreted antigenic target protein 6 (ES...

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, is the only vaccine available for tuberculosis (TB) control. BCG comprises a number of substrains that exhibit genetic and biochemical differences. Whether and how these differences affect BCG efficacy remain unknown. Compared to other BCG strains, BCG-Japan, -Moreau, and -Glaxo are defective in the production of phthio...

Urologists often insist on sterile urine before invasive outpatient urological procedures, and urine culture and antibiotics are usually given before cystoscopy or instillation of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, especially in patients who have positive urine cultures. Our experience suggests that cystoscopy and induction BCG therapy can be performed safely, even in patients with asymptom...

BACKGROUND Randomised trials have shown that early Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine reduces overall neonatal and infant mortality. However, no study has examined how BCG affects growth. We investigated the effect on infant growth of early BCG vaccine given to low-birth-weight (LBW) infants. METHODS Two-thousand three hundred forty-three LBW infants were randomly allocated 1:1 to "early B...

The anti-tuberculosis Bacille de Calmette et Guérin (BCG) vaccine was developed between 1905 and 1921 at Pasteur Institutes of Lille in France, and was adopted by many countries. BCG strains comprise natural mutants of major virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and that BCG sub-strains differ markedly in virulence levels. The tuberculosis became endemic in Korea after the Korean War ...

BACKGROUND Recurrent TaT1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients should be treated with immediate instillation of chemotherapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumour followed by instillation therapy. OBJECTIVE To present long-term results of a study exploring the effect of initial mitomycin C (MMC) instillations followed by two types of immunotherapy for patients with fr...

A hundred and five years ago, Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin began a daunting task, which is unmatched even today, that led to the most widely used vaccine in human history. Despite a century of scientific advances, BCG (an acronym for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) remains the only vaccine for prevention of tuberculosis. Due to the fact that the use of BCG vaccines will continue, either as a st...