The WIMAX technology based on air interface standard 802-16 wireless MAN is configured in the same way as a traditional cellular network with base stations using point to multipoint architecture to drive a service over a radius up to several kilometers. The range and the Non Line of Sight (NLOS) ability of WIMAX make the system very attractive for users, but there will be slightly higher BER at...

During stomatal opening potassium uptake into guard cells and K+ channel activation is tightly coupled to proton extrusion. The pH sensor of the K+ uptake channel in these motor cells has, however, not yet been identified. Electrophysiological investigations on the voltage-gated, inward rectifying K+ channel in guard cell protoplasts from Solanum tuberosum (KST1), and the kst1 gene product expr...

We used the patch-clamp technique to examine the effect of temperature (13-36[deg]C) on the depolarization-activated K channels (KD channels) and on the hyperpolarization-activated channels (KH channels) in the plasma membrane of Vicia faba guard-cell protoplasts. The steady-state whole-cell conductance of both K channel types increased with temperature up to 20[deg]C. However, whereas the whol...

Stomatal transpiration is at the center of a crisis in water availability and crop production that is expected to unfold over the next 20 to 30 years. Global water usage has increased 6-fold in the past 100 years, twice as fast as the human population, and is expected to double again before 2030, driven mainly by irrigation and agriculture. Guard cell membrane transport is integral to controlli...

This paper investigates the performance of an integrated voice/data wireless mobile network where a finite buffer is provided for voice calls since they can endure a tolerable time, or the reneging time, for service. Based on a given humanistic reneging time, we analyze the voice traffic blocking probability. The probability distribution of receiving service within the reneging time is obtained...

The dominant outward rectifier K+ currents were examined in protoplasts from Vicia faba guard cells. In whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we generally observed that the conductance of the K+ inward and the outward rectifier gradually decreases. As a consequence of this run down a new steady state was achieved which was 90 ± 5% lower than that obtained at the beginning of the recording. The run...

In the DRiVE project, a flexible, hybrid communication system has been developed which performs dynamic allocation of spectral resources from a common region of spectrum to the participating radio systems. Thus, new spectral neighborhoods emerge, which pose requirements regarding the protection of one system from the adjacent channel interference generated by the other system. As an example, DR...

Korea has made a plan to transfer from analog television to Digital Television (DTV). Therefore, TV White Spaces (TVWS)are the unused TV broadcast channels which can be available for wireless communication systems. This paper assumes that DTV operates on Channel 34 and Long Term Evolution (LTE) is assumed that it uses Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD), and then upper 4 MHz of Channel 32 and ch...

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a major role in plant development and adaptation to severe environmental conditions. ABA evokes cellular events to regulate stomatal apertures and thus contributes to the plant's ability to respond to abiotic stresses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in response to ABA and mediate ABA-induced stomatal closure. We have shown that two MAP kinases, MPK9 and MPK...

Symbol-pair codes are proposed to guard against pair-errors in symbol-pair read channels. The minimum distance plays a vital role determining the error-correcting capability and constructions of with largest possible is great importance. Maximum separable (MDS) optimal sense that such can acheive Singleton bound. In this paper, for length 5p, two new classes MDS seven or eight constructed by ut...