At ASIACRYPT 2019, Zhang proposed a near collision attack on A5/1 claiming to recover the 64-bit state with time complexity around 232 cipher ticks negligible memory requirements. Soon after its proposal, Zhang's was severely challenged by Derbez et al. who claimed that cannot have lower than Golic's memoryless guess-and-determine dating back EUROCRYPT 1997. In this article, both and attacks fo...

Due to the open environment, all network systems suffer from various security threats. The remote user authentication scheme is a secure mechanism to allow users obtaining a variety of information services through insecure channels. For efficiency and security, many remote user authentication schemes identify users with smart cards. However, many smart card based schemes are vulnerable to lots ...

background: blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (nlr) and mean platelet volume (mpv) both have been used as a simple marker of inflammation in many disorders. here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between nlr, mpv, and familial mediterranean fever (fmf). materials and methods: in this retrospective study, the fi les of fmf patients in pediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic were revi...

this study investigated the utility of all of the above (aota) as a test option in multiple-choice items. it aimed at estimating item fit, item difficulty, item discrimination, and guess factor of such a choice. five reading passages of the key english test (ket, 2010) were adapted. the test was reconstructed in 2 parallel forms: test 1 did not include the abovementioned alternative, whereas te...

The stream cipher RC4 was designed by R.Rivest in 1987, and it is a widely deployed cipher. Many predictive states of RC4 for some special indices i were presented in the last 20 years. In this paper, we present several long term predictive states. These states increase the probability to guess part of the internal state in a known plaintext attack and present a cryptanalytic weakness of RC4. T...

The purpose of this study was to identify misconceptions using the certainty response in undergraduate students through a case mathematical chemistry subject by experimental demonstration adsorption. concept conveyed an explanation video. video also directs do practical experiments on data obtained can be used determine isotherm adsorption model that fits with their phenomena. Students analyze ...