Disorders of sexual development (DSD) refers to a group diseases that links the mismatch between an individual’s genetic and gonadal its phenotype. Ovotesticular DSD (true hermaphroditism) is one such disease, in which both male female gonads are present. A 15-year-old boy with history surgery for non-palpable testis was examined due bilateral gynecomastia known gonosomal mosaic Klinefelter syn...

G is a condition characterized by proliferation of the glandular component of the male breast and is caused by an increase in the ratio of estrogen to androgen activity. The condition occurs mainly in three age groups: newborn, adolescent, and elderly men. The prevalence of gynecomastia in men (aged 17 years or older) varies between 32% and 65% in different studies,1 with a higher prevalence of...

OBJECTIVE This study was carried out to observe the prevalence breast diseases of males in our setup. METHOD All cases of male breast disease diagnosed from 1991-97. RESULTS One hundred and fifty (150) cases of male breast diseases were diagnosed. Age of the patients ranged from 4 to 90 years, with mean age 38.75 years (median = 33 years). Gynecomastia was the most common pathological abnor...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the procedure for and efficacy of endoscopic subcutaneous mastectomy for gynecomastia. Endoscopic subcutaneous mastectomy was performed on 100 benign, palpable breast enlargements in 58 male patients who were followed-up for 15-63 months. The surgery was conducted with the insufflation of CO2 subdermally. No cases were converted to open surgery. The unilate...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to present the complex underlying pathophysiology that can form the basis of this common condition. METHODS More than 20 years of clinical experience in endocrinology and plastic surgery and a review of the English-language literature were used to form the basis of this review. RESULTS While idiopathic and physiologic causes are frequent, there are mu...

A 21 year old male who presented with painful enlargement of both the breasts and a hyperestrogenic state, was found to harbor a heterogeneous mass arising from the right adrenal on contrast enhanced Computed Tomography abdomen. The mass was hypermetabolic with no regional, nodal or distant metastases on Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography /Computed Tomography examinatio...

Background and aim: Liver is the largest internal organ of body with many functions, including protein synthesis, regulation glucose lipid metabolism, production bile. The Stigmata chronic liver disease include spider angiomas, jaundice, palmar erythema, gynecomastia, ascites, encephalopathy, asterixis. Though commonly seen, their prevalence in Indian patients not known. Aim to determine variou...