Summary Bacterial type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules encode a toxic protein that downregulates metabolism and specific antitoxin binds inhibits the toxin during normal growth. In non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae, common cause of infections in humans, vapXD locus was found to constitute functional TA module contribute pathogenicity; however, mode action VapD mechanism...

Susceptibility testing of Haemophilus influenzae to the macrolide compounds has often been problematic. This is as a result of the inability of many isolates of H. influenzae to grow without the addition of 5% CO2 to the incubation atmosphere and the subsequent detrimental effect that CO2 has on the activity of the macrolide group of compounds. This report describes refinements and recommendati...

Haemophilus influenzae is an important human pathogen involved in invasive disease. Here, we report the whole-genome sequences of 11 nonencapsulated H. influenzae (ncHi) strains isolated from both invasive disease and healthy carriers in Italy. This genomic information will enrich our understanding of the molecular basis of ncHi pathogenesis.