It has not been established that walking without vision to previewed targets is indeed controlled by perceived distance. To this end, we compared walking and verbal report as distance indicators, looking for a tight covariation in responses that would indicate control by a common variable. Targets from 79-500 cm away were presented under dark and well-lit conditions. Both verbal reports and wal...

As a logical extension, the group – made up of representatives from Fair Do’s, a local dedicated Fair Trade shop, Tearfund, Oxfam Cymru, CAFOD, Christian Aid and the Co-op Group – developed the idea of pushing Fair Trade networks across Wales to undertaken practices that would allow for the country as a whole to claim the status of the world’s first Fair Trade Nation. Wales was soon joined by c...

Across many scenes, local contrast provides a valid cue to surface reflectance, but it is not the only such cue. To generalize beyond theories of lightness that rely exclusively on local contrast, we need to know which other potential cues matter. We had observers make lightness matches between two scene locations, and varied the surface slant and local surround reflectance of one of the locati...

The influence of social relationships on human development and behavior is receiving increased attention from psychologists, who are central contributors to the rapidly developing multidisciplinary field of relationship science. In this article, the authors selectively review some of the significant strides that have been made toward understanding the effects of relationships on development and...

The restructuring of a nonfractal particle aggregate in simple shear flow was simulated by a Stokesian dynamics approach. We studied the deformation and the resultant strength change of aggregates by the surrounding flow under the condition that the cohesive strength of an aggregate is comparable to the fluid stress. In particular, we focused on how the aggregate deteriorates because of the flu...

We present a model where groups attempt to exert in‡uence on policies using both bribes (plata, Spanish for silver) and the threat of punishment (plomo, Spanish for lead). We then use it to make predictions about the quality of a country’s public o¢ cials and to understand the role of institutions granting politicians with immunity from legal prosecution. The use of punishment lowers the return...