Since anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis was first described almost a decade ago, the family of disorders associated with antibodies against neuronal surface antigens is one of the most rapidly expanding categories of neurologic disease. With this growth comes a paradigm shift in neurology—autoimmune encephalitis has evolved from an often vaguely defined clinical syndrome to a group of pre...

A serological survey of the Seminole Indians in south Florida for evidence of exposure to arbovirus infection indicated not only past infection with the recognized North American encephalitis viruses-a high incidence for St. Louis encephalitis-but exposure to a Bunyamwera group agent and to Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, activity of which had not been previously recognized north of Panama.

anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor (nmda-r) encephalitis is a new autoimmune disorder, often paraneoplastic in nature, presenting with complex neuropsychiatric symptoms. diagnosed serologically, this disorder is often responsive to immunosuppressant treatment. we here in report the case of a 56-year-old man with anti nmda-r encephalitis presenting initially with disorientation and hallucination...

Introduction The broad definition of the term “encephalitis,” that is, inflammation of the brain, necessitates acknowledgment of the enormous inclusivity of the topic. The most common interpretation of the term implies a direct invasion of the brain by an infectious pathogen, most commonly, viral, fungal, or parasitic. The topic also includes examples of meningitis mediated by bacteria or other...

Correspondence to: Professor P G E Kennedy, Department of Neurology, University of Glasgow, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK; p.g.kennedy@ clinmed.gla.ac.uk _________________________ E ncephalitis refers to an acute, usually diffuse, inflammatory process affecting the brain. While meningitis is primarily an infection of the meninges, a combined ...

We reported a 16-year-old girl, with diffuse vesicular rashes all over the body, presented to emergency department altered mental status, irritability, persistent fever and one episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizure. After thorough evaluation investigations, case was varicella zoster-associated encephalitis in an unvaccinated patient. Appropriate treatment initiated, patient then shifted c...

Encephalitis usually refers to brain inflammation of various possible causes, including viral infections. Overall, viruses represent the most common cause of encephalitis in humans. The U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates an annual incidence of usually between 150 and 3000 new cases per year of Arboviral encephalitis in the United States (http://www.cdc.gov/). Althoug...

Three cases of herpes encephalitis are described. A definite diagnosis was established and all patients made a good recovery without specific antiviral chemotherapy. These reports are representative of those forms of herpes encephalitis with a good prognosis. It is suggested that the introduction of rapid non-invasive procedures will indicate a higher incidence of herpes encephalitis than is pr...

The incidence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis exceeds that of other forms of acute viral encephalitis. It is widely acknowledged that the use of PCR amplification for the detection of HSV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has increased our diagnostic sensitivity for this illness, leading to the diagnosis of HSV encephalitis in a wide range of clinical presentations. It is important to...