In order to fulfill the objectives of environmental protection, today's focus on quantitative recycling rates must be amended by a more qualitative approach. Because modern products represent a mix of numerous and sometimes hazardous substances, ways must be explored to remove detrimental substances during recycling and to establish "clean cycles". On the one hand, such a "clean cycle" strategy...

In this paper, we propose a dual toll pricing method to mitigate risk of hazardous materials (hazmat) transportation. We aim to simultaneously control both regular and hazmat vehicles to reduce the risk. In our model, we incorporate a new risk measure to consider durationpopulation-frequency of hazmat exposure. We first formulate the model as a Mathematical Program with Equilibrium Constraints ...

Bi-Objective Modelling for Hazardous Materials Road-Rail Multimodal Routing Problem with Railway Schedule-Based Space-Time Constraints.[...].

The environmental targets of the recently agreed Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) targets are likely associated with a considerable cost, which motivates a search for low-cost policies. The following review shows there is a substantial literature on cost-efficient nutrient reduction strategies, including suggestions regarding low-cost abatement, but actual policies at international and national sc...

In the Netherlands, substantial amounts of hazardous materials are transported by road. Quantitative risk analyses are conducted to indicate the risks associated with these transport activities. In general, classified release volumes accompanied by probabilities are used in these risk analyses. Still, the application is limited to risk analysis instead of also being used for emergency response ...

OBJECTIVE To determine core temperature (Tc) elevations in hazardous materials (HazMat) technicians wearing level-A fully encapsulated, chemically resistive suits (FECRSs) during training scenarios. DESIGN Cross-sectional, observational feasibility study with Institutional Review Board approval. SETTING HazMat training scenarios held during the summer of 1994. Weather conditions included bo...

Undesirable consequences of dangerous goods incidents can be mitigated by quick arrival of specialized response teams at the accident site. We present a novel methodology to determine the optimal design of a specialized team network so as to maximize its ability to respond to such incidents in a region. We show that this problem can be represented via a maximal arc-covering model.We discuss two...

We consider the problem of designating hazardous materials routes in and through a major population center. Initially, we restrict our attention to a minimally connected network (a tree) where we can predict accurately the flows on the network. We formulate the tree design problem as an integer programming problem with an objective of minimizing the total transport risk. Such design problems of...