OBJECTIVES In view of unavailability in Poland of the standardized methods to measure PIQ, the aim of the work was to develop a Polish test to assess the premorbid level of intelligence - PART(Polish AdultReading Test) and to measureits psychometric properties, such as validity, reliability as well as standardization in the group of schizophrenia patients. METHODS The principles of PART const...

Yellow passion fruit has occupied a prominent place in fruit production, even when compared to other tropical fruits with higher consumption rates. Its share in the fresh produce market is ensured by fitting perfectly within this segment that places value on high value-added products (MELETTI, 2011). It is widely consumed due to its nutritional value and excellent organoleptic characteristics (...

Spatial patterns observed in ecosystems have traditionally been attributed to exogenous processes. Recently, ecologists have found that endogenous processes also have the potential to create spatial patterns. Yet, relatively few studies have attempted to examine the combined effects of exogenous and endogenous processes on the distribution of organisms across spatial and temporal scales. Here ...

BACKGROUND There are several types of tobacco control interventions/policies which can change future smoking exposure. The most basic intervention types are 1) smoking cessation interventions 2) preventing smoking initiation and 3) implementation of a nationwide policy affecting quitters and starters simultaneously. The possibility for dynamic quantification of such different interventions is k...

The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Lisa Kahle, Information Management Services, Inc., for SAS® programming and data analysis; WenYen Juan, USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), for producing the figures and creating the data for the Whole Fruit component; Thea Palmer Zimmerman, Westat, Inc., for coding the exemplary menus; Meredith Morrissette, National Can...

It is usually assumed that ‘fire hardening’ the tips of spears, as practised by hunter–gatherers and early Homo spp., makes them harder and better suited for hunting. This suggestion was tested by subjecting coppiced poles of hazel to a fire-hardening process and comparing their mechanical properties to those of naturally seasoned poles. A Shore D hardness test showed that fire treatment slight...