INTRODUCTION Estimating the number of key populations at risk of HIV is essential for planning, monitoring, and evaluating prevention, care, and treatment programmes. We conducted this study to estimate the number of female sex workers (FSW) in major cities of Iran. METHODS We used three population size estimation methods (i.e., wisdom of the crowds, multiplier method, and network scale-up) t...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the average social network size in the general population and the size of HIV key affected populations (KAPs) in Chongqing municipality using the network scale-up method (NSUM). METHODS A general population survey was conducted in 2011 through a multistage random sampling method. Participants aged between 18 and 60 years were recruited. The average social network size (...

Female sex workers (FSW) are often the focus of primary HIV prevention efforts. However, little attention has been paid to the prevention, treatment, and care needs of FSW living with HIV. Based on formative research, we developed an integrated model to promote prevention and care for FSW living with HIV in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, including (1) individual counseling and education; (2...

BACKGROUND Limited data suggested that the prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) among female sex workers (FSW) is much higher than in the general female population. The current study aimed to examine the HPV and cervical cancer related awareness, knowledge, and behaviors among FSW in China. METHODS A total of 360 FSW recruited from entertainment establishments in Beijing completed a self-...

PURPOSE Reliable in vitro cytotoxicity assays are essential for determining the responses of human normal and cancer-derived cells to therapeutic agents and also for the identification and pre-clinical evaluation of new drugs capable of selectively augmenting the susceptibility of cancer cells to conventional therapies. The clonogenic survival assay is considered as the "gold standard" in this ...

The HdS (hardware dependent Software) department of A1catel Bell Antwerp, part of the Carrier Data division is responsible for the design of embedded software, firmware and off-line test software towards verification and test of ASICs, PCB-boards and complete systems. The HdS designers are interested in an executable hardware model of the system to be designed as a virtual target for debugging ...

The increasing use of fossil fuels has led to increased emissions of sulphur oxides into the air, which is a major cause of acid rain. Legislation already adopted in 2009 stipulates that the maximum level of sulphur allowed in fuels is only 10 ppm. The process of hydrodesulphurization (HDS) used in refineries is based on very expensive physico-chemical techniques, and has limitations in the rem...

In 1981 Pecoraro and Chianelli reported a complete study of catalytic behavior of transition metal sulfides catalysts in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) [1], in which was found a periodic tendency of the metallic sulfides activity, where ruthenium sulfide showed the highest HDS activity. These results were corroborated later by Raje et al. [2] and Liaw et al. [3], further s...

The possibility of manipulating magnetic systems without applied magnetic fields have attracted growing attention over the past fifteen years. The low-power manipulation of the magnetization, preferably at ultrashort timescales, has become a fundamental challenge with implications for future magnetic information memory and storage technologies. Here we explore the optical manipulation of the ma...

Many cancers harbor homozygous DNA deletions (HDs). In contrast to other attributes of cancer cells, their HDs are immutable features that cannot change during tumor progression or therapy. I describe an approach, termed deletion-specific targeting (DST), that employs HDs (not their effects on RNA/protein circuits, but deletions themselves) as the targets of cancer therapy. The DST strategy bri...