This paper is divided into two parts. In part one I apply a formal method for the establishment of cause-relations between events to cases involving manner modification. In the second part I argue that the status of a manner adverb with regard to its role in a causeconsequence sequent does not play a role for its formal representation at the sentential level. Instead, it influences a sentence’s...

Recently I suggested that a cause is an event which, in its context of occurrence, is both necessary and sufficient for the effect. However this definition is only appropriate if there is a single potential cause of the effect. Consequently I suggest a generalization of the definition and discuss the resulting “Production Theory”. I suggest that this can be seen as a combination of a regularity...

We address the question which additional information on the source shape and dynamics can be extracted from three-particle Bose-Einstein correlations. For chaotic sources the true three-particle correlation term is shown to be sensitive to the momentum dependence of the saddle point of the source and to its asymmetries around that point. For partially coherent sources the three-pion correlator ...

This paper deals with the problem of estimating the probability of causation, that is, the probability that one event was the real cause of another, in a given scenario. Starting from structural-semantical de nitions of the probabilities of necessary or su cient causation (or both), we show how to bound these quantities from data obtained in experimental and observational studies, under general...

one of the main features of contemporary poetry is to deal with various political, social and cultural issues around poet besides richness and personal aspects in art and indirect form. but in the meantime, the emerging technique of mask should be known as one of the most artistic areas of expressing poet concerns and emotions in human and objective form. sayyab in line with other counterparts,...

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This essay advocates a “functional” approach to causation and causal reasoning: these are to be understood in terms of the goals and purposes of causal thinking. This approach is distinguished from accounts based on metaphysical considerations or on reconstruction of

I propose the purpose our concept of actual causation serves is minimizing various cost in intervention practice. Actual causation has three features: non-redundant sufficiency, continuity and abnormality; these features correspond to the minimization of exploitative cost, exploratory cost and risk cost in intervention practice. Incorporating these three features, a definition of actual causati...