The Association for European Paediatric Cardiology, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and the European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery, have recently published detailed hierarchical listings for the description of ventricular septal defects. This review details the anatomic basis for the European codes, illustrating the phenotypic features of the various holes that can be described as pe...

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Horvat, H. Gabriel, E. Wolner and M. Grimm M. Gorlitzer, H. J. Ankersmit, G. Wollenek, W. Wisser, G. Wieselthaler, M. Haisjackl, R. concomitant domino heart transplantation Backtable ventricular and atrial septal defect repair of an Eisenmenger allograft with http://jtcs.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/123/2/374 the World Wide Web at: The online version of this arti...

Ventricular septal defects are one of the most common congenital cardiac malformations and can be associated with many types of congenital and acquired heart disease.

Embryonic heart formation results from a dynamic interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Blood flow during early embryonic stages plays a critical role in heart development, as interactions between flow and cardiac tissues generate biomechanical forces that modulate cardiac growth and remodeling. Normal hemodynamic conditions are essential for proper cardiac development, while alte...

The systolic murmur associated with interventricular septal defect presents a number of variations which have been related to the location and size of the defect, the pulmonary vascular resistance, and to the pressure gradient between the ventricles. The purpose of this investigation was to study the relation of the pressure gradient in interventricular septal defect to the time-intensity chara...

OBJECTIVE To study the distribution of age, gender, and the relative frequency of congenital heart defects at the time of the diagnosis in Southern Yemeni children. METHODS This retrospective study focused on echocardiographic findings of 393 symptomatic children affected by congenital heart disease. It was conducted in the Echocardiography Department of a referral hospital for Aden city and ...

STUDY QUESTION Does maternal exposure during pregnancy to higher ambient temperature increase the risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs)? SUMMARY ANSWER Significant associations were found between maternal exposure during pregnancy to higher ambient temperature and CHDs risk especially during the cold season. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY From rodents to non-human primates, a teratogenic effect of...

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart malformation and can be detected during the prenatal and postnatal period, in childhood, and in adulthood. Spontaneous closure of VSD can be determined through a variety of methods-echocardiography, Doppler color flow imaging, angiography, auscultation, and cardiac catheterization-and can be proven by pathological evidence at n...

UNLABELLED Background : Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly in newborns. This study was performed to determine the live birth incidence of CHD by ethnicity and sex in Gorgan, Northern Iran. METHODS In this longitudinal, hospital-based study, 18162 live births in Dezyani Hospital in Gorgan, North of Iran, were screened for CHD, from 2007 through 2009. Clinical ...