Liquid agent transport was investigated around unheated and heated horizontal cylinders (to a near-surface temperature of approximately 423 K, i.e., well above the water boiling point) under ambient conditions. Experimental results are presented for a well-characterized, droplet-laden homogenous turbulent flow field, using water, methoxy-nonafluorobutane (i.e., HFE-7100, C4F9OCH3, with a boilin...

In order to resolve a significant uncertainty in the heat of vaporization of silicon — a fundamental parameter in gas-phase thermochemistry — ∆H◦ f,0[Si(g)] has been determined from a thermochemical cycle involving the precisely known experimental heats of formation of SiF4(g) and F(g) and a benchmark calculation of the total atomization energy (TAE0) of SiF4 using coupled-cluster methods. Basi...

In this research, a new dryer which use halogen lamp must be designed and the drying performance of Roselle is to investigate. The power varied (50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225) W. result shows that higher produce high temperature low humidity shorten time Roselle. rate each parameter slightly different pattern as does not constant since supply voltage or current. heat vaporization increas...

Knowledge of the energetics of the low solubility of non-polar compounds in water is critical for the understanding of such phenomena as protein folding and biomembrane formation. Solubility in water can be considered as one leg of the three-part thermodynamic cycle - vaporization from the pure liquid, hydration of the vapor in aqueous solution, and aggregation of the substance back into initia...

A manufacturing process plan was developed for a welded condenser utilizing a sintered wick. Electronic devices have progressed to the point where new designs are limited by the thermal management system used to ensure safe operating temperatures. Coupling the effects of high surface area of multiple condensers, the low thermal resistance of loop heat pipes, and the increased dissipation rates ...

For melting simulation, solid-liquid coupling, liquid-gas interaction, bubble/foam generation, etc., many new methods have been emerging in recent years in computer graphics. To further push advance the technical frontier of the aforementioned phenomena, our novel solution is to focus on an efficient heatbased method towards faithful simulation of physical procedures pertinent to phase transiti...

PURPOSE To compare the in vitro degree of vaporization in bipolar and monopolar resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using either a bipolar system or a monopolar system, samples of chicken muscle and lamb kidney were resected in an isolated basin and then desiccated in an incubator. The percentual degree of vaporization for each sample was obtained as a difference between the total fresh weight o...

Group phenomena for droplets in a spray have often been analyzed on the basis of the quasi-steady assumption even though this assumption has not been completely justified. In this paper the applicability of the quasi-steady assumption to the vaporization of spherical droplet clouds is first analyzed qualitatively by considering the magnitudes of appropriate characteristic scales. Then the gover...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cryogen sprays are used for cooling human skin during various laser treatments. Since characteristics of such sprays have not been completely understood, the optimal atomizing nozzle design and operating conditions for cooling human skin remain to be determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two commercial cryogenic spray nozzles are characterized by imaging the sprays and th...