We purified and sequenced the heat-stable enterotoxin produced by Citrobacter freundii. The toxin was detected during purification by reaction with monoclonal antibody to Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. The C. freundii toxin amino acid sequence was identical to that of the 18-amino-acid heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) produced by toxigenic E. coli.

there are numerous problems for using essential oil due to its low solubility in water, high vapor pressure and chemical and physical instability. use of nano-emulsions is a good idea for decreasing side effect of the essential oils and enhance their efficiency as well as delivery to hot spot. in addition, nano-emulsion system make smaller size particles and increase stability and shelf-life of...

Emulsions stabilized by solid particles, called Pickering emulsions, offer promising applications in drug delivery, cosmetics, food science and the manufacturing of porous materials. This potential stems from their high stability against coalescence and 'surfactant-free' nature. Generally, Pickering emulsions require that the solid particles are wetted by both phases and as a result, the adsorp...

This research describes the role of starch nanoparticles in stabilizing surfactant-free emulsion, namely Pickering emulsion. However, concentration and NaOH during preparation as a emulsifier have not been studied. Thus, this study aimed to obtain proper concentrations when preparing breadfruit-based emulsifiers for varied (1, 3,or 5 (%(w/v)) (0.1875 0.375 M) form dispersion. Starch were acquir...

The objective of this work was to study the physical properties of O/W emulsions stabilized by whey proteins. Coarse emulsions were prepared with 30% (w/w) soy oil and water phase containing 7% w/w of non heated and denatured whey proteins at 70 or 90oC. These emulsions were high pressure homogenized at 250, 450 and 600 bar in order to obtain fine emulsions. Creaming kinetics of the emulsions o...

Although most enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains do not produce recognized enterotoxins, we wished to examine whether they produce any factors like heat-stable enterotoxin b or cholera toxin active subunits that might be missed by conventional assay methods. E. coli strains E851 (O142) and E2348 (O127) that had caused diarrhea in volunteers were negative for heat-labile enterotoxin and h...

PURPOSE Anesthesia and surgery commonly cause hypothermia, and this caused by a combination of anesthetic-induced impairment of thermoregulatory control, a cold operation room environment and other factors that promote heat loss. All the general anesthetics markedly impair normal autonomic thermoregulatory control. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of two different types of propof...

‎in this paper‎, ‎we consider an inverse boundary value problem for two-dimensional heat equation in an annular domain‎. ‎this problem consists of determining the temperature on the interior boundary curve from the cauchy data (boundary temperature and heat flux) on the exterior boundary curve‎. ‎to this end‎, ‎the boundary integral equation method is used‎. ‎since the resulting system of linea...

Styrene Butadiene Rubbers (SBRs) are among the most useful synthetic rubbers which can be produced by two different methods of polymerization: emulsion and solution. These two polymerization methods lead to different final properties. In general, SBRs produced by the solution method (S-SBRs) have narrower Molecular Weight Distribution (MWD), higher content of cis-1,4 structure and lower glass t...