Over the past decades, Stockholm and Sweden have reduced CO2 emissions and increased resource efficiency, while maintaining high and sustainable economic growth. A major part of the recipe for success has been the development of the infrastructure for district heating and cooling. The district heating and cooling networks cover the Greater Stockholm Area. A set of large production plants, where...

The crystallization of ion beams has recently been established in the rf quadrupole storage ring PALLAS (PAul Laser CooLing Acceleration System) for laser-cooled 24Mg+ ion beams at an energy of about 1 eV. Yet, unexpectedly sharp constraints had to be met concerning the confinement strength and the longitudinal laser cooling rate. In this paper, related and up to now unseen heating mechanisms a...

Recent experiments with ultracold neutral plasmas show an intrinsic heating effect based on the development of spatial correlations, which has been termed " correlation heating ". We investigate whether this effect can be reversed, so that imposing strong spatial correlations could in fact lead to cooling. We find that cooling is indeed possible. It requires, however, a very precise preparation...

Recent observations by Chandra and XMM-Newton demonstrate that the central gas in "cooling flow" galaxy clusters has a mass cooling rate that decreases rapidly with decreasing temperature. This contrasts the predictions of a steady state cooling flow model. On the basis of these observational results, the gas can be in a steady state only if a steady temperature dependent heating mechanism is p...

Temperature Classifications..................................................... 12.1 CLOSED WATER SYSTEMS.................................................... 12.2 Method of Design ..................................................................... 12.2 Thermal Components ............................................................... 12.2 Hydraulic Components ...................................

U S hramm z, T S hatz x, M Bussmann, D Habs Sektion Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit at M un hen, D-85748 Gar hing, Germany E-mail: ulri h.s hramm physik.uni-muen hen.de Abstra t. The rystallization of ion beams has re ently been established in the rf quadrupole storage ring Pallas for laserooled 24Mg+ ion beams at an energy of about 1 eV. Yet, unexpe tedly sharp onstraints had to be met...

The co-evolution between supermassive black holes and their environment is most directly traced by the hot atmospheres of dark matter halos. cooling atmosphere supplies central regions with fresh gas, igniting active galactic nuclei (AGN) long duty cycles. Outflows from engine tightly couple surrounding gaseous medium provide dominant heating source preventing runaway carving cavities driving s...

The purposes of this study were to assess the expression patterns of heat shock proteins (Hsps), after eyeball heating or cooling, and to elucidate their relationships with corneal wound healing and intraocular complications after excimer laser treatment. Experimental mice were grouped into three according to local pretreatment type: heating, cooling, and control groups. The preconditioning was...

Being able to heat and cool the absorption cell of a spectrometer has many benefits. Cooling simplifies the spectrum of the gas in the cell by freezing out rotational and vibrational motion of the gas molecules, while heating increases the population of the excited ro-vibrational states. We designed and prototyped a heating and cooling system for the absorption cell of the FASSST spectrometer [...