Nongenetic variation in phenotypes, or bet-hedging, has been observed as a driver of drug resistance in both bacterial infections and cancers. Here, we study how bet-hedging emerges in genotype-phenotype (GP) mapping through a simple interaction model: a molecular switch. We use simple chemical reaction networks to implement stochastic switches that map gene products to phenotypes, and investig...

The paper introduces and studies hedging for game (Israeli) style extension of swing options considered as multiple exercise derivatives. Assuming that the underlying security can be traded without restrictions we derive a formula for valuation of multiple exercise options via classical hedging arguments. Introducing the notion of the shortfall risk for such options we study also partial hedgin...

We develop a flexible discrete-time hedging methodology that minimizes the expected value of any desired penalty function of the hedging error within a general regimeswitching framework. A numerical algorithm based on backward recursion allows for the sequential construction of an optimal hedging strategy. Numerical experiments comparing this and other methodologies show a relative expected pen...

The aim of this text was to evaluate Mongolian foreign policy by applying the hedging strategy. We have arrived at conclusion that way Mongolia strives secure itself against insecurities and risks in fast-changing environment East Asia corresponds main principles strategy basic outlines it is not different from procedures applied countries Southeast Asia. After 1990, Mongolians enrolled Non-Ali...

In this paper we review the hedging of interest rate derivatives priced under a risk-neutral measure, and we compute self-financing hedging strategies for various derivatives using the Clark-Ocone formula.

Hedging strategies in bond markets are computed by martingale representation and the choice of a suitable of numeraire, based on the Clark-Ocone formula in a model driven by the dynamics of bond prices. Applications are given to the hedging of swaptions and other interest rate derivatives and we compare our approach to delta hedging when the underlying swap rate is modeled by a diffusion process.

In the current financial crisis, promoting rapid developments of gold industry, ensuring healthy operations of national economy, and actively developing the gold futures market are very important. Functioning of the gold futures market will determine the gold market maturity and integrity. Risk transfer is one of the two basic functions of futures market. The risk transfer function is realized ...

We study how hedging a ects rm value and real investment activity. We obtain exogenous variation in access to e ective hedging instruments from the unexpected breakdown in the correlation of Canadian oil prices with the benchmark oil price used in NYMEX hedging contracts. Using a di erence-in-di erences framework we compare Canadian oil producers to their U.S. counterparts, who maintain access ...

Recent trends in many U.S. states are to deregulate their electric power industry and markets with the desire to provide a more consumer-friendly environment than under regulation. However, deregulation also creates uncertainty and risk. It is this risk that we wish to address and contain. In this thesis, we review recently developed stochastic models of physical and nancial aspects of deregula...