To preserve fitness in unpredictable, fluctuating environments, a range of biological systems probabilistically generate variant phenotypes--a process often referred to as 'bet-hedging', after the financial practice of diversifying assets to minimize risk in volatile markets. The molecular mechanisms enabling bet-hedging have remained elusive. Here, we review how HIV makes a bet-hedging decisio...

We analyze the optimal hedging policy of a firm that has flexibility in the timing of investment, but faces a constraint on its ability to raise external funds. By reducing the risk that the firm's ability to finance investment will disappear, hedging restores its timing flexibility and thus raises the payoff threshold required to justify investment. The principal implication of this result is ...

In view of the recent documented hedging bias attributable to failing to accommodate volatility long memory, we suggest to use the simple, yet superior, realized variancecovariance (RVCOV) in dynamic hedging. For its incremental value from intradaily information, model-free and inherent long memory, RVCOV has been shown to be accurate without misspecification bias and easily generalized to high...

Organisms use various strategies to cope with fluctuating environmental conditions. In diversified bet-hedging, a single genotype exhibits phenotypic heterogeneity with the expectation that some individuals will survive transient selective pressures. To date, empirical evidence for bet-hedging is scarce. Here, we observe that individual Drosophila melanogaster flies exhibit striking variation i...

This paper explores the merits of hedging stochastic input costs (i.e., reducing the risk of adverse changes in costs) in a decentralized, risk neutral supply chain. Specifically, we consider a generalized version of the well-known ‘selling-to-the-newsvendor’ model in which both the upstream and the downstream firms face stochastic input costs. The firms’ operations are intertwined – i.e., the ...

Gold and bitcoin are the hottest investment products today. In this wave of investment, a large number investors swarmed in, trying to obtain huge profits. Therefore, it is very important establish mathematical models help traders make decisions. order explore best trading strategy maximize revenue, we need solve prediction problems carry out quantitative trading. Based on time series given in ...

This article attempts to extend the complete market option pricing theory to incomplete markets. Instead of eliminating the risk by a perfect hedging portfolio, partial hedging will be adopted and some residual risk at expiration will be tolerated. The risk measure (or risk indifference) prices charged for buying or selling an option are associated to the capital required for dynamic hedging so...

We address the problem of hedging inventory risk for a short lifecycle or seasonal item when its demand is correlated with the price of a financial asset. We show how to construct optimal hedging transactions that minimize the variance of profit and increase the expected utility for a risk-averse decision-maker. We show that for a wide range of hedging strategies and utility functions, a risk-a...

despite the importance of hedging in academic productions, its use in different disciplines and genres has been given little attention (hyland, 1998; crystal, 1995). more precisely, the role of different genders as contributors to this social phenomenon (i.e., research articles) has been taken as neutral, as if gender is inconsequential in identity construction. the studies done in english sugg...