A technique for estimating surface albedo feedback (SAF) from standard monthly mean climate model diagnostics is applied to the 1% yr 1 carbon dioxide (CO2)-increase transient climate change integrations of 12 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) fourth assessment report (AR4) climate models. Over the 80-yr runs, the models produce a mean SAF at the surface of 0.3 W m 2 K 1 with a s...

Photonic nanojet (PNJ) is a tightly focused diffractionless travelling beam generated by dielectric microparticles. The location of the PNJ depends on refractive index material and it usually recedes to interior microparticle when higher than 2, making high materials unsuitable produce useful PNJs while favours narrower PNJs. Here we demonstrate design CMOS compatible on-chip photonic based sil...

Large-scale chemical depletion of ozone due to anthropogenic emissions occurs over Antarctica as well as, a lesser degree, the Arctic. Surface climate predictability in Northern Hemisphere might be improved previously proposed, albeit uncertain, link springtime Here we use observations and targeted chemistry–climate experiments from two models isolate surface impacts complex downward dynamical ...

The influence of sea-surface temperature (SST) on the lower troposphere and stratosphere in tropical, middle, polar latitudes is studied for 1980–2019 based MERRA2, ERA5, Met Office reanalysis data, numerical modeling with a chemistry-climate model (CCM) middle atmosphere. variability SST analyzed according to ERA5 while atmospheric investigated MERRA2 data. Analysis sea surface trends data rev...

Abstract. Using multiple reanalysis datasets and modeling simulations, the trends of Antarctic stratospheric planetary wave activities in early austral spring since 2000s are investigated this study. We find that September have weakened significantly year 2000, which is mainly related to weakening tropospheric sources extratropical Southern Hemisphere. As ozone also shows clear shift around imp...

Background: Muscle fatigue has been known to influence brain activity, but very little is known about how cortical centers respond to muscle fatigue.Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of muscle contraction and fatigue induced by two different percents of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) on Electroencephalography (EEG) signals.Material and Methods: In t...