Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) plays a crucial role in type 2 diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma. The major underlying pathogenesis is hepatic insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to characterize patients with NAFLD with paradoxically normal hepatic insulin sensitivity relative to patients with NAFLD with hepatic insulin resistance. We recruited 26 patients with NAF...

Hepatic fibrosis is a reversible pathological process, in which fibrotic tissue is excessively deposited in the liver during the repair process that follows hepatic injury. Early prevention or treatment of hepatic fibrosis has great significance on the treatment of chronic hepatic diseases. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is a water-soluble monomer extracted from safflower, which serves numerous...

Acute liver injury due to ischemia can occur during several clinical procedures e.g. liver transplantation, hepatic tumor resection or trauma repair and can result in liver failure which has a high mortality rate. Therefore murine studies of hepatic ischemia have become an important field of research by providing the opportunity to utilize pharmacological and genetic studies. Specifically, cond...

Considerable evidence has demonstrated that transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays a key role in hepatic fibrosis, the final common pathway for a variety of chronic liver diseases leading to liver insufficiency. Although a few studies have reported that blocking TGF-β with soluble receptors or siRNA can prevent the progression of hepatic fibrosis, as yet no evidence has been provided that T...

Although glucocorticoids are widely used to treat inner ear diseases, glucocorticoid concentration has never been determined in the cochlear tissue. The aim of the present study was to measure the prednisolone concentration in the cochlear tissue after intravenous administration. At 0.5, 1, 2, 4 or 8 h after the injection (100 mg/kg), cochlea, hepatic and brain tissue and serum were removed, an...

Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is critical for the development of human and murine natural killer (NK) cells and hepatic-derived NK T cells (NKT) in mice, and for the homeostatic maintenance of NK/NKT and CD8(+) memory T cells. The lymphocyte repertoire of an adult human liver includes significant populations of NK and NKT-like cells, which may arise locally from hepatic haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs...

Sørensen M, Munk OL, Mortensen FV, Olsen AK, Bender D, Bass L, Keiding S. Hepatic uptake and metabolism of galactose can be quantified in vivo by 2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxygalactose positron emission tomography. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295: G27–G36, 2008. First published May 15, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00004.2008.—Metabolism of galactose is a specialized liver function. The purpose of ...

The hepatic distribution kinetics of salicylic acid was determined using a single-pass dual hepatic artery (HA) and portal vein (PV) perfused in situ rat liver preparation. Bolus doses of [14C]salicylic acid and of reference markers ([3H]-water and [14C]-sucrose) were injected in a random order into either the HA or PV and then, after an appropriate interval, into the alternate vessel. The hepa...

PURPOSE To evaluate the acute hepatotoxicity of Equisentum arvense L. in rats. METHODS Fifty Wistar rats were used, these being divided in four groups, one being the control (receiving only water) and the other groups receiving graded doses of Equisentum arvense L. (30, 50, and 100mg/kg respectively) for 14 days. Blood samples were obtained to determine TGO, TGP, FA, DHL and GT-gamma activiti...

In summary, following a single oral dose of DCA to laboratory rats, peak hepatic tissue DCA concentration occurred at 3 hr. When given chronically for 7 days, DCA caused activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex which returned to basal activity 24 hr following the final dose. Hepatic tissue DCA concentrations were maximally increased at 3 hr following the final dose, and the drug was eli...