Infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis globally and it is important to identify the mechanisms of HAV replication. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone and serves a role in unfolded protein response pathways. Previous studies have demonstrated that GRP78 functions as an endogenous antiviral factor. In the present stu...

A solid-phase antibody capture hemadsorption (SPACH) assay was developed to detect hepatitis A virus (HAV)-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in sera from humans recently infected with hepatitis. The assay is performed with microtiter plates coated with anti-human IgM antibodies to capture IgM antibodies from the test sera. HAV-specific IgM antibody is detected by the addition of HAV he...

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) replicates in the liver, and is excreted from the body in feces. However, the mechanisms of HAV transport from hepatocytes to the gastrointestinal tract are poorly understood, mainly due to lack of suitable in vitro models. Here, we use a polarized hepatic cell line and in vivo models to demonstrate vectorial transport of HAV from hepatocytes into bile via the apical cel...

Hepatitis A virus (HAV), the causative agent of type A viral hepatitis, is an ancient human virus that was first identified almost 35 years ago. It has several characteristics that make it unique among the Picornaviridae, particularly in terms of its mechanisms of polyprotein processing and virion morphogenesis, and which likely contribute to its pathobiology. Although efficacious vaccines cont...

On 7 March 2014, an increase in hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections was identified in Norway. As of 12 April, 19 cases of HAV infection with a virus strain identical to an ongoing European outbreak have been identified. Six probable cases are currently under investigation. On 11 April, a frozen berry mix cake imported from another European country was found as the likely source of the outbreak; ...

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) usually results in asymptomatic infection or mild disease, but in a small subset of patients it can lead to severe disease and even liver failure. In this issue of the JCI, Kim et al. identify a polymorphism associated with this increased disease risk in the gene that encodes the HAV receptor--TIM1. Importantly, this TIM1 gene polymorphism protects from the development o...

conclusions the risk of symptomatic hav infection is considerable in adolescents of all studied provinces; thus, universal hav vaccination is recommended for all adolescents, regardless of their socioeconomic level. however, the risk is higher in some provinces, which seem to be transitioning from intermediate to low endemicity. results the weighted prevalence of hav varied significantly across...

Non-travel-related hepatitis A is rare in Canada. We describe a hepatitis A outbreak investigation in British Columbia in February to May 2012 in which exposure history was collected from nine confirmed non-travel-related cases. Suspected foods were tested for hepatitis A virus (HAV): a frozen fruit blend was identified as a common exposure for six of the nine cases using supermarket loyalty ca...

BACKGROUND The main occupational hazard of wastewater workers (WWs) is the direct exposure to the variety of infectious agents present in sewage material, with hepatitis A virus (HAV) being the most frequent one. Most epidemiological studies have shown a higher risk of hepatitis A among WWs, although some studies have produced conflicting evidence. AIMS To evaluate the hypothesis of increased...

The Enterovirus (EV-71) co-infection among Hepatitis A, B and C virus has become a global co-mortality. This research determined enteroviruses profile HAV, HBV HCV positive individuals within internally displaced persons camps Abuja, Nigeria. A descriptive cross sectional design was adopted where blood samples from 450 respondents were collected the three screened for presence of C. Positive fu...