In the decade following hepatitis B vaccine's 1981 approval, U.S. health officials issued evolving guidelines on who should receive the vaccine: first, gay men, injection drug users, and healthcare workers; later, hepatitis B-positive women's children; and later still, all newborns. States laws that mandated the vaccine for all children were quietly accepted in the 1990s; in the 2000s, however,...

The aim was to determine whether the immunogenicity of an investigational hepatitis B vaccine (spHB) is at least as high as that of a licensed control vaccine, Engerix B, and to evaluate its safety before inclusion in new pediatric combination vaccines. Two randomized, controlled, blind-observer, Phase 3 trials were performed: one in Argentina (344 participants aged 10-15 years, 10 microg HBsAg...

BACKGROUND Poor response to various vaccines especially hepatitis B is common. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of selenium on immune response against hepatitis B vaccine with accelerated method in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. METHODS In this randomized clinical trial study, 62 insulin dependent diabetic patients were divided into case and control groups (...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although hepatitis B vaccine immunogenicity is high, certain risk factors such as age, tobacco consumption, obesity and genetic background have been associated with low responsiveness to HBV vaccine. We aimed to evaluate the role of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in non-responder adults to HBV vaccine in a low endemic area for HBV. MATERIAL AND METHODS A tot...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B and schistosomiasis are most prevalent in Africa and Asia, and co-infections of both are frequent in these areas. The immunomodulation reported to be induced by schistosome infections might restrict immune control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) leading to more severe viral infection. Vaccination is the most effective measure to control and prevent HBV infection, but there is ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Healthcare workers (HCW) have an increased risk of exposure to infectious diseases and are a potential source of infections for their patients. The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) has no national policy regarding HCW vaccinations and routine vaccination coverage is low within the general population. This cross-sectional serostudy determines the level of exposure a...

background: hepatitis b infection is a major public health problem worldwide. given that immune response towards the vaccine is not perfect, we aimed to evaluate circumstances of immune response in vaccinated students. materials and methods: in this study, 219 medical students of ardabil university of medical sciences were recruited, who had been administered vaccine series for the first time, ...

Objective: Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its complications. HBV vaccination is recommended for adults with diabetes in the United States and other countries. However, few studies have assessed safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in such patients. We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B va...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine used in endemic areas of Colombia, as well as risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and carriage after vaccine introduction. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in urban and rural areas of the Colombian Amazon, a highly endemic area for hepatitis B infection. Children under 12 yea...

Women (175) who participated in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) programme were possibly exposed to hepatitis B virus. Later it became evident that 79 women had a hepatitis B infection, 49 were exposed but not infected and 47 were not exposed. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) and recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (HBvaxDNA) were offered to all women and partners except for those with established ...