Moloney murine leukemia virus induces myeloid leukemia when inoculated intravenously into pristane-primed adult BALB/c mice. One hundred percent of these tumors show insertional activation of the c-myb proto-oncogene, and reverse transcriptase PCR assays have shown that the c-myb activation could be detected soon after infection. We tested BALB/c and NIH Swiss mice that had been inoculated as n...

c-erbB-2 protein expression was investigated immunohistochemically in frozen thyroid tissue specimens from 42 patients using a polyclonal sheep antibody. c-erbB-2 immunoreactivity was detected in 12 out of 17 papillary carcinomas, while no c-erbB-2 protein immunostaining was seen in cases of follicular adenoma (five cases), follicular carcinoma (five cases) or medullary carcinoma (one case), no...

Inherent cellular radioresistance plays a critical role in the failure of radiation therapy (RT). The proto-oncogene bcl-2 encodes a protein that inhibits apoptosis, a common mechanism of cell death induced by several genotoxic agents, including gamma-radiation. Thus, it is likely that bcl-2 gene expression could be involved in the complex mechanisms of radioresistance in human tumors with some...

The transmembrane receptor encoded by the HER-2 cellular oncogene is amplified in several types of human carcinomas and provides an attractive therapeutic target. Shown by immunohistology, <25% of newly diagnosed ovarian carcinomas express the HER-2 protein. However, now we report that this protein was expressed in all 20 tumor cell lines derived from stage III and IV ovarian cancers as well as...

The Bcl-2 proto-oncogene was discovered at the t(14;18) breakpoint found in most follicular B-cell lymphomas and some diffuse large-cell lymphomas. Bcl-2 is unique among proto-oncogenes, being localized to mitochondria and extending cell survival by blocking programmed cell death. We examined Bcl-2 protein expression in 82 hematologic malignancies and reactive lymphoid processes. All lymphomas ...

The Philadelphia chromosome was the first specifıc karyotype abnormality associated with a particular neoplastic disease in humans. Ph translocation generats hybrid gene consisting of 5' exon sequences bcr on 22 fused to 3' exons and polyadenylation/termination ABL proto-oncogene from 9. molecular consequence this is transcription chimaeric m RNA transcribed novel 210 kd protein (p 210) CML, an...

The tumour suppressor gene p53 and the proto-oncogene Bcl-2 encode respectively, for a nuclear phosphoprotein and for a mitochondrial membrane protein involved in multiple cellular functions. Both proteins are linked to programmed cell death pathways and provide prognostic information on breast carcinoma. Our aim is to study the expression of p53 and Bcl-2 oncoproteins in breast carcinoma and c...

The cot gene is an oncogene encoding serine/threonine kinases isolated by DNA transfection assay. In this study, we isolated cDNA for the human cot protooncogene (proto-cot gene) and examined the structure and function of its gene products. The proto-cot gene has an open reading frame encoding 467 amino acids of which the first 397 amino acids are identical to those in the corresponding part of...

Constitutive expression of the c-myc proto-oncogene in growth factor-deprived fibroblasts promotes proliferation and induces apoptosis. In these cells, apoptosis can be inhibited by survival factors such as insulin-like growth factor I or the bcl-2 proto-oncogene product. Deregulated c-Myc expression is a common feature in Epstein-Barr virus-positive Burkitt's lymphoma in which the c-myc gene i...

The discovery that c-fos, a proto-oncogene, has a role in pain, has triggered extensive research on the consequences of c-fos expression. It has been shown that c-fos, through its protein form, FOS, leads to expression of dynorphin gene and subsequently dynorphin protein which is implicated in the development of a pain state. This mini review looks at the properties of c-fos and the consequence...