The terms synergy and polyvalence are often used to explain the effects of the many constituents found in herbal medicinal products and their extracts, particularly where it is difficult to distinguish the ‘active ingredient’. The concept of ‘active ingredient’ has been useful in elucidating the chemical basis for the biological effect of a large number of medicinal and poisonous plants. Many n...

BACKGROUND The use of complementary and alternative medicine including herbal medicine is increasing in many countries including Ghana. However, there is paucity of research on the perspectives of patrons of herbal medicine regarding the facilitators and barriers of herbal medicine use. This study sought to investigate the facilitators and barriers of herbal medicine among Ghanaian adults who u...

IT H KA SN O T The deepest hole humans have ever dug reaches 12 kilometers below the ground of Russia’s Kola Peninsula. Although we now have a spacecraft on its way to Pluto—about six billion kilometers away from the sun—we still cannot send a probe into the deep earth. For practical purposes, then, the center of the planet, which lies 6,380 kilometers below us, is farther away than the edge of...

Natural wealth has a variety of herbal plants, plants that are included in it efficacious as medicine. Traditional medicine, is an ingredient or herb usually used traditional medicine and to accelerate the healing diseases, one wound white goroho banana weevil (Musa acuminafe, sp). This study aimed determine effectiveness gel preparations against burns rats (Rattus norvegicus). The test animals...

Abstract Fruits and leaves of Solanum khasianum C. B. Clarke have long been used as a common Chinese herbal medicine. Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs), the main active ingredient in S. , exhibit various pharmacological effects. However, genes involved SGA biosynthetic pathway not yet identified. Genes encoding potential key biosynthesis enzymes were identified through comprehensive RNA sequencin...

Twenty-six different wild blackberry leaf samples were harvested from various localities throughout southeastern Poland. Leaf samples were assessed regarding their phenolic compound profiles and contents by LC/MS QTOF, and their antioxidant activity by ABTS and FRAP. Thirty-three phenolic compounds were detected (15 flavonols, 13 hydroxycinnamic acids, three ellagic acid derivatives and two fla...

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat tumors for years and has been demonstrated to be effective. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of herbs remain unclear. This study aims to ascertain molecular targets of herbs prolonging survival time of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on network pharmacology, and to establish a research method for a...

I consider identification and consistent estimation in models of multinomial choice. I discuss a new and very general identification theorem that applies to multinomial choice models with an additive independent logistically distributed error. I also offer two new consistency results for nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation in the linear utility random coefficients multinomial choice mod...

he chocolate industry is constantly developing new products with different fillings, toppings, flavours, etc. Chocolates alcoholic filling are popular, especially young adults. In chocolates kinds of thickeners can be used to increase the viscosity and make production easier. this study, we examined cocoa shells, a by-product industry, as ingredient thickener an filling. bitter herbal liqueur w...