Human norovirus is a major cause of viral acute gastroenteritis worldwide. However, the transition of endemic norovirus genotypes remains poorly understood. The characteristics of natural immunity against norovirus are unclear because few studies have been performed in the natural infection setting. This prospective 10-year surveillance study of acute gastroenteritis in the province of Osaka, J...

Many countries resorted to the lockdown model that includes shutting down all non-essential activities avoid spread of COVID-19. Comparatively, Sweden applied herd immunity model. The aim this study is analyze Swedish compared based in other understand impact these models on public health, health economics and overall economy respective countries. Based findings, paper aims shed light which pro...

Large-scale immunization has profoundly impacted control of many infectious diseases such as measles and smallpox because of the ability of vaccination campaigns to maintain long-term herd immunity and, hence, indirect protection of the unvaccinated. In the case of human influenza, such potential benefits of mass vaccination have so far proved elusive. The central difficulty is a considerable v...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) produces lifelong immunity, but duration of post-vaccination immunity has not been established. The purpose of this study is to determine if a difference exists in the long-term seropositivity of anti-VZV antibodies in a cohort of young adults who were vaccinated against varicella as compared to a similar cohort with a history of...

In the scramble for covid-19 vaccines richer countries, predictably, have secured stocks first. With headache of distribution on top procurement, how will world reach herd immunity levels needed to defeat virus? Chris Baraniuk reports

In a recent article, "Can One Both Contribute to and Benefit from Herd Immunity?", Lucie White (2021) argues that vaccine refusal is more like free riding than we have claimed it is. Here, critically reply White’s arguments.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Herd immunity is an important benefit of childhood immunization, but it is unknown if the concept of benefit to others influences parents' decisions to immunize their children. Our objective was to determine if the concept of "benefit to others" has been found in the literature to influence parents' motivation for childhood immunization. METHODS We systematically sear...

More than 90 capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae coexist despite competing for nasopharyngeal carriage and a gradient in fitness. The underlying mechanisms for this are poorly understood and make assessment of the likely population impact of vaccination challenging. We use an individual-based simulation model to generalize widely used deterministic models for pneumococcal competition...

Pengendalian pandemi dengan penerapan protokol kesehatan telah membantu melandaikan kurva epidemi, namun belum dapat mengontrol penyebaran COVID-19 sehingga diperlukan strategi kekebalan kelompok (herd immunity) melalui program vaksinasi. Keraguan vaksin dan informasi yang salah menyebabkan hambatan besar untuk mencapai cakupan Herd Immunity di banyak negara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengan...