The radiance transmittance (Tr) is the ratio of the water-leaving radiance (Lw(0+)) to the sub-surface upwelling radiance (Lu(0-)), which is an important optical parameter for ocean optics and ocean color remote sensing. Historically, a constant value (~0.54) based on theoretical presumptions has been adopted for Tr and is widely used. This optical parameter, however, has never been measured in...

Classical ray-tracing algorithms compute radiance returning to the eye along one or more sample rays through each pixel of an image. The output of a ray-tracing algorithm, although potentially photorealistic, is a two-dimensional quantity { an image array of radiance values { and is not directly useful from any viewpoint other than the one for which it was computed. This paper makes several con...

A radiance environment map pre-integrates a constant surface reflectance with the lighting environment. It has been used to generate photo-realistic rendering at interactive speed. However, one of its limitations is that each radiance environment map can only render the object which has the same surface reflectance as what it integrates. In this paper, we present a ratio-image based technique t...

The topographical and photometric reconstruction of the moon from Apollo metric data has gained attention to support manned mission planning since the NASA has been working on return to the moon in 2004. This paper focuses on photometric recovery of the moon surface from Apollo orbital imagery. The statistical behavior of photons generates the scene radiance which follows a continuous Poisson d...

Atmospheric profile variability impacts the effectiveness of hyperspectral remote sensing systems to identify geological materials from space. This variability alters the "truth" spectrum (e.g. reflective or emissive) by modifying its spectrum through such atmospheric factors as transmissivity, upwelling radiance, and downwelling radiance. Incomplete characterization of these effects can lead t...

In this case report the diagnosis of a uterine lipoleiomyoma is depicted by means of a three-dimensional radiance mode. The advent of radiance or silhouette mode as a new tool in ultrasound diagnosis is intended to assist by generating additional realistic image visualization and a better distinction among different tissues.

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In 1900, Max Planck developed the modern theory describing the radiation field of a blackbody. At the time, there were two distinct models for blackbody radiation: the Rayleigh-Jeans law, which fit the measurements well at low frequencies, and Wien’s law, which worked well at high frequencies, but neither worked everywhere. Planck, by making the ingenious assumption that the energy of the modes...

Characterization of urban radiance and reflectance is important for understanding the effects of solar energy flux on the urban environment as well as for satellite mapping of urban settlement patterns. Spectral mixture analyses of Landsat and Ikonos imagery suggest that the urban radiance field can very often be described with combinations of three or four spectral endmembers. Dimensionality e...

A transfer radiometer (TR) applied to an on-orbit radiometric benchmark chain has been developed, which can achieve the high-precision transformation of power and radiance responsivity transmit traced cryogenic remote sensors, such as imaging spectrometer, so that sensors high accuracy calibration 10−3 magnitude. Radiance comparison experiments between TR standard National Institute Metrology (...