Bedouin goats were fed on wheat straw as a single-component diet under two watering regimens, drinking once daily or once every 4 d, in order to clarify whether lignin-degradation products were absorbed, metabolized and excreted in urine. Acid-soluble lignin accounted for 220 g/kg total lignin, its digestibility was the highest (0.87) and was unaffected by water deprivation. Acid-insoluble lign...

During chronic kidney disease (CKD), there is a progressive accumulation of toxic solutes due to inadequate renal clearance. Here, the interaction between uremic toxins and two important efflux pumps, viz. multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) was investigated. Membrane vesicles isolated from MRP4- or BCRP-overexpressing human embryonic kidney cells w...

For over 50 years, hippuric/quinic acids were believed to have no biological efficacy. Here data are presented to support the hypothesis that quinic acid is not responsible for any efficacy, but rather that quinic acid nutritionally supports the synthesis of tryptophan and nicotinamide in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and that this in turn leads to DNA repair enhancement and NF-kB inhibition...

The P-carbon atom of n-serine (1) and formia acid (2, 3) were both shown to participate to about the same degree as precursors of the ureide carbons of uric acid. Of all carbon sources investigated these two were used to the highest extent. L-Se&e is also the most efficient known source of glycine in hippuric acid formation (4) and heme synthesis (5), as well as for the 4, 5, and 7 positions of...

Since 1824 when Wijhler first called attention to the fact that the formation of hippuric acid represented a synthetic reaction by the animal body, this substance has occupied an interesting place in biological chemistry. In recent years it has received special attention from the fact that the study of its production may throw light upon certain phases of nitrogen metabolism. However, owing to ...