Cues associated with rewards acquire the ability to engage the same brain systems as rewards themselves. However, reward cues have multiple properties. For example, they not only act as predictors of reward capable of evoking conditional responses (CRs), but they may also acquire incentive motivational properties. As incentive stimuli they can evoke complex emotional and motivational states. He...

Experimental myocardial infarction was induced in rats. The myocardial accumulation of hyaluronan (HA) and water during the development of infarction was measured. The extractable HA content of the infarcted area increased progressively from day 1 and on day 3 reached a threefold increase compared with the HA amounts in myocardium of sham operated controls. The relative water content of infarct...

building which the Admiralty acknowledged: "Though science is much respected by their Lordships and your paper is much esteemed, it is too learned." Young was also appointed as Superintendent of the Nautical Almanac and Secretary of the Board of Longitude. In this he was unable to satisfy the demands both of the navigators and of the astronomers, incurring the displeasure of both. A bibliograph...

In a recent publication on experimental haemarthrosis in the rabbit we described many interesting ultrastructural changes that occur in the synovial membrane (Roy and Ghadially, 1966). Two such changes attracted our attention: an increase in the number of intermediate and Type B synovial cells, and the occurrence of many small and large vesicles containing fiocculent and granular material. Howe...

Mitochondrial diseases are polymorphic entities which may affect many organs and systems. Skeletal muscle involvement is frequent in the context of systemic mitochondrial disease, but adult-onset pure mitochondrial myopathy appears to be rare. We report 3 patients with progressive skeletal mitochondrial myopathy starting in adult age. In all cases, the proximal myopathy was the only clinical fe...

In Deroceras reticulatum, mucus cell ultrastructure and the histochemistry of the epidermis and the digestive tract epithelia were shown to be influenced by carbamate and metaldehyde, two molluscicides used as both contact and oral toxins. After carbamate poisoning mucus production is increased and the chemical composition of the slime is modified. Ultrastructural damage is less intense than af...

In the past decades technological innovations in many scientific fields, such as molecular biology, biochemistry electrophysiology and histochemistry have facilitated enormously the degree of resolution of independent variables, in addition to accelerating the production of results and read-out parameters. Consequently, this has resulted in new scientific insights. Similarly, a lot of technolog...

The brain from a Siamese cat with sphingomyelinosis was examined with lectin histochemistry. Swollen neurons were stained with Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin (Con A). Some of them were also stained with Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I) and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I). A small number of axonal spheroids and glia cells were positive for Con A, RCA-I, UEA-I and wheat germ agglutinin....

T HE first descriptions of disease entities, which today are included in the category of "collagen diseases," were made more than a century ago. Through the decades many more entities were described clinically, but until recent years no fundamental common denominator was suspected. Significant contributions which went beyond mere clinical and morphological recognition were made after 1930. The ...