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The historic centre of the Iraqi city Al-Najaf embraces a seasonal pilgrimage to its holy sites that forces unusual urban conditions. This paper examines impact development projects and studies on heritage integrity public (religious). paper, therefore, recommends raising awareness adopt design approaches face overflow visitors loss identity.

Archive cartography and archaeologist’s sketches are invaluable resources when analysing a historic town or city. A virtual reconstruction of a city provides the user with the ability to navigate and explore an environment which no longer exists to obtain better insight into its design and purpose. However, the process of reconstructing the city from maps depicting features such as building foo...

The brick Chapel at St. Mary’s City, Maryland, built around 1667, would have been an impressive structure on a colonial frontier where all the other buildings were built only of wood. While the building is no longer extant, the bricks remaining in the buried foundations hold information about the technologies and materials used by brickmakers in the 17th-century Chesapeake region. Instrumental ...

Nomura Miki (Last Name) (First) Souvenir purchase patterns of domestic tourists: Case study of Takayama City, Japan (Title) Hospitality and Tourism Dr.Jafar Jafari April 2002 154 (Graduate Major) (Research Advisor) (Month/Year) (No.of Pages) Annals of Tourism Research (Name of Style Manual Used in This Study) The purpose of this study is to identify souvenir purchase patterns of domestic Japane...

This chapter shares the experience of two action research projects ReMap Lima and cLIMA sin Riego, where mapping has been used with three main objectives: to make visible what is otherwise ‘invisible’; to open up dialogue between different stakehold‐ ers in the city and to arrive at concrete actions, collectively negotiated between citizens and policy makers. Two case study sites were chosen in...

Urban Ecosystem Science is now an established science, arising along side the historic shift of humans to becoming in majority urban dwellers. In this Perspective I suggest there is a need to develop a new framework for UES as embedded in distinct urban biomes that can be classified by city-type and typologized. UES are largely the artifact of human decision making from what to plant where, to ...

Training and simulation applications in virtual worlds require significant amounts of urban environments. Procedural generation is an efficient way to create such models. Existing approaches for procedural modelling of cities aim at facilitating the work of urban planners and artists, but either require expert knowledge or external input data to generate results that resemble real-life cities, ...

objectives the aim of this study was to assess soils of khorramabad metropolis in order to establish the concentration of lead and develop a contamination factor map. materials and methods soil samples were collected from 25 different urban parks in khorramabad, iran. the mean pb contents in the urban topsoil samples were compared with mean concentrations for other cities around the world. a sp...