A young, partially blind Holstein steer was affected by mild cerebral atrophy. Formalin-fixed cerebral gray matter was diffusely yellow brown. Microscopically, there were eosinophilic, autofluorescent granules primarily in the cytoplasm of cerebral neurons. There was also extensive retinal atrophy with complete loss of the rod and cone layers. Ultrastructural examination of affected cerebral ne...

The Lewis blood group system comprises two main carbohydrate antigens, Le’ and Leb. Lewis typing has traditionally been based on serologic determinations using erythrocytes and saliva. Several recent studies have demonstrated that erythrocyte Lewis phenotype may change during pregnancy or disease, and inappropriate Lewis antigens have been found in both normal and neoplastic tissue. To evaluate...

The Lewis blood group system comprises two main carbohydrate antigens, Le’ and Leb. Lewis typing has traditionally been based on serologic determinations using erythrocytes and saliva. Several recent studies have demonstrated that erythrocyte Lewis phenotype may change during pregnancy or disease, and inappropriate Lewis antigens have been found in both normal and neoplastic tissue. To evaluate...

Lewis Wolpert is Professor of Biology as Applied to Medicine at University College London. He originally trained as a civil engineer in South Africa, but changed to research in cell and developmental biology in 1955. His main contributions are related to morphogenesis and his concept of positional information. He was for four years Chairman of the Committee for the Public Understanding of Scien...

OBJECTIVES In 2003, a skin cancer screening campaign based on total body skin examination was launched in the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. 20% of adults aged 20 and over were screened. In 2008, a 48% decline in melanoma mortality was reported. In the same year, skin screening was extended to the rest of Germany. We evaluated whether melanoma mortality trends decreased in German...

The effects of inbreeding, heterosis, recombination loss, and percentage Holstein on the estimation of predicted transmitting abilities for fertility traits (calving interval, number of days from calving to first insemination, nonreturn rate, number of inseminations) and correlated traits (milk yield at test nearest d 110 and body condition score) were examined in a mixed population of Holstein...

Mastitis is one of the most prevalent diseases of cattle. Various studies have reported breed-dependent differences in the risk for developing this disease. Among two major breeds, Jersey cows have been identified as having a lower prevalence of mastitis than Holstein cows. It is well established that the nature of the initial innate immune response to infection influences the ability of the ho...

Effects of fetal sire on postpartum reproductive changes of the dam were studied in 21 Holstein heifers whose pregnancy had been initiated by either Angus (n = 7), Holstein (n = 7) or Brahman (n = 7) bulls. After parturition, all heifers were managed uniformly. Heifers in each service-sire-breed group were bled via jugular venipuncture thrice weekly from d 160 to 265 of pregnancy, daily thereaf...