Homogeneous catalysis is relevant for biodiesel fuel synthesis; however, it has the disadvantage of difficult separation catalyst. In present work, heterogeneous was applied rapeseed oil transesterification with methanol, while snail shells were used as a CaO content in catalyst investigated. Transesterification reactions carried out laboratory reactor, ester yield analyzed using gas chromatogr...

A capillary chromatography system has been developed based on the tube radial distribution of the carrier solvents using an open capillary tube and a water-acetonitrile-ethyl acetate mixture carrier solution. This tube radial distribution chromatography (TRDC) system works under laminar flow conditions. In this study, a phase diagram for the ternary mixture carrier solvents of water, acetonitri...

A theoretical investigation at the DFT(B3LYP) level on the carbonylation reaction of allyl bromide catalyzed by nickel tetra-carbonyl Ni(CO)(4) is discussed. The computational results show the following: (i) Three main steps characterize the catalytic cycle: (a) an oxidative addition step, (b) a carbonylation step, and (c) a reductive elimination step where the acyl product is obtained and the ...

Herein, a new reaction for the site-selective carbonylation of arenes via C(sp 2 )–H thianthrenation under mild conditions has been developed.

There is a great concern on the utilisation of CO2 due to its increased atmospheric concentration by anthropological emissions in the last few decades. Therefore, the fixation of inexpensive and abundantly available CO2 in valuable chemicals is gaining lot of interest in recent times. Despite this, there are only a few industrial processes where CO2 is consumed directly. One such process is the...

A Bäcklund transformation(BT) and a recurrence formula are derived by the homogeneous balance(HB) method. A initial problem of Burgers equations is reduced to a initial problem of heat equation by the BT, the initial problem of heat equation is resolved by the Fourier transformation method, substituting various solutions of the initial problem of the heat equation will yield solutions of the in...

several studies have shown that hepatocyte membrane composition changes in patients with cholestasis and cirrhosis. these alterations that are because of intracellular oxidative stress are supposed to be reflected in erythrocyte membrane. the aim of this study was to investigate the modification of erythrocyte membrane along with hexokinase and antioxidant enzymes during development of cirrhosi...

A rhodium carbonylation catalyst is supported on dispersible microporous polymer nanoparticles, facilitating in situ kinetic measurements for a key step of the catalytic cycle.

BACKGROUND In the yeast biomass production process, protein carbonylation has severe adverse effects since it diminishes biomass yield and profitability of industrial production plants. However, this significant detriment of yeast performance can be alleviated by increasing thioredoxins levels. Thioredoxins are important antioxidant defenses implicated in many functions in cells, and their prim...

BACKGROUND We have demonstrated that cardiotonic steroids, such as ouabain, signaling through the Na/K-ATPase, regulate sodium reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. By direct carbonylation modification of the Pro222 residue in the actuator (A) domain of pig Na/K-ATPase α1 subunit, reactive oxygen species are required for ouabain-stimulated Na/K-ATPase/c-Src signaling and subsequent regulat...