Academic dishonesty is widely acknowledged in universities as a worsening trend, attributed to an expansion of the internet (Underwood & Szabo, 2003), increased class sizes and decreased personal contact, more reliance on the international student market (Ashworth, Bannister & Thorne, 1997), greater student diversity (Lambert, Ellen & Taylor, 2006), higher tuition costs (Sheard, Markham & Dick,...

In electronic marketplaces, reputation systems and incentive mechanisms are prevalently employed to promote the honesty of sellers and buyers. In this article, we focus on the scenario in which the inventory is in short supply, i.e. an e-marketplace with limited inventory (EMLI). The challenges are in two-fold: (a) for sellers who aim to maximize their profit, they may intentionally conduct dis...

Signal honesty is theorized to be maintained by condition-dependent trait expression. However, the mechanisms mediating the condition dependence of sexually selected traits are often unknown. New work suggests that elevated glucocorticoid levels during physiological stress may play a role in maintaining signal honesty. Here, we experimentally examine the effect of both chronic and acute stress ...

The handicap principle proposes that sexual signals must be costly to be honest. Honesty may be maintained by the costs paid by honest signallers or by the potential costs of cheating. In the latter, handicaps should emerge as a consequence of specific biological constraints, such as life-history trade-offs. Nuptial prey-giving arthropods are good systems to investigate the honesty of sexual si...

We extend our general approach to characterizing information to multi-agent systems. In particular, we provide a formal description of an agent’s knowledge containing exactly the information conveyed by some (honest) formula φ. Only knowing is important for dynamic agent systems in two ways. First of all, one wants to compare different states of knowledge of an agent and, secondly, for agent a’...

The authors obtained self- and observer reports of personality from pairs of well-acquainted college students. Consistent with previous findings, results of Study 1 showed strong cross-source agreement for all 6 HEXACO personality factors (rs approximately .55). In addition, the authors found modest levels of similarity (r approximately .25) between dyad members' self-reports on each of 2 dimen...

The medicine cabinet for chronic pain is—let’s face it—poor. At the bottom of the ladder is paracetamol: ineffective for low back pain and, in the long term, for osteoarthritis.Observational data have linked the increased use of paracetamol to cardiovascular, renal, and gastrointestinal side effects and overall mortality. Even topical anti-inflammatories do not avoid the well known side effects...

Academic dishonesty, whether intentional cheating or plagiarism, or unintentional sharing of work or confusion about referencing, is nothing new to the college environment but is especially disturbing within nursing. The integrity of the nursing profession may, in fact, be jeopardized as students with the habit of cheating graduate and enter the field. This article discusses how educators, stud...

We study the following problem in a sovereign informationsharing setting: How to ensure that the individual participants, driven solely by self-interest, will behave honestly, even though they can benefit from cheating. This benefit comes from learning more than necessary private information of others or from preventing others from learning the necessary information. We take a game-theoretic ap...

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