Charge transport in organic semiconductors is an important current topic of research, but the exact nature of the charge transport remains an unresolved question. Experimental evidence exists to support either of two common models (band-like transport or small polaronic hopping) and various computational simulations suggest that for the standard parameter ranges for organic semiconducting devic...

Locomotion of machines and robots operating in rough terrain is strongly influenced by the mechanics of the ground-machine interactions. A rolling wheel in terrain with obstacles is subject to collisional energy losses, which is governed by mechanics comparable to hopping or walking locomotion. Here we investigate the energetic cost associated with overcoming an obstacle for rolling and hopping...

During bouncing gaits (running, hopping, trotting), passive compliant structures (e.g. tendons, ligaments) store and release part of the stride energy. Here, active muscles must provide the required force to withstand the developing tendon strain and to compensate for the inevitable energy losses. This requires an appropriate control of muscle activation. In this study, for hopping, the potenti...

Experimental frequency-dependent conductivity relaxation spectra of a number of molten, glassy, and crystalline ionic conductors that show both the presence of the near constant loss ~NCL! and the cooperative ion hopping contribution are analyzed. On decreasing frequency, the NCL appears first but terminates at some frequency nx1. At still a lower frequency nx2 the cooperative ion hopping dispe...

A simple two-band model is suggested explaining recently reported unusual features for hopping magnetoresistance and the metal-insulator transition in 2D structures. The model implies that the conductivity is dominated by the upper Hubbard band (D-band). Experimental studies of hopping magnetoresistance for Si δ-doped GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure give additional evidences for the model.

We theoretically investigated the Floquet states of bilayer graphene heterostructure under irradiation by horizontally incident circular polarized light. The in-plane and out-of-plane electric field light periodically perturbs intralayer interlayer hopping, respectively. For light, two components have $\ensuremath{\pi}/2$ phase difference, so that types hopping are perturbed with which modify e...

The hopping mechanism plays a key role in collective phenomena emerging many-body physics. ability to create and control systems that display this feature is important for next generation quantum technologies. Here we study two cavities separated by vibrating two-sided perfect mirror show that, within currently available experimental parameters, system displays photon-pair between the electroma...

During human movement, the leg can be represented as a mechanical spring, with its stiffness potentially contributing to sports performance and injury prevention. Although many individuals perform athletic activities with joint stabilizers, little is known about the effects of prophylactic lower extremity braces on leg stiffness. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ankl...

It was hypothesized that a tight integration of feed-forward and feedback-driven muscle activation with the characteristic intrinsic muscle properties is a key feature of locomotion in challenging environments. In this simulation study it was investigated whether a combination of feed-forward and feedback signals improves hopping stability compared with those simulations with one individual typ...