Gibberellic acid-induced alpha-amylase synthesis in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) aleurone layers was inhibited by abscisic acid, and the inhibition was partly removed by additional gibberellic acid alone and by ethylene alone. Together additional gibberellic acid and ethylene almost eliminated abscisic acid inhibition of amylase synthesis. Time course studies of these phenomena showed that the e...

The transmembrane distribution of phosphatidylglycerol was determined in thylakoids from barley (Hordeum vulgare), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and pea (Pisum sativum) chloroplasts. Phospholipase A2 and phospholipase D digestion and chemical-labelling methods were used. Phosphatidylglycerol was preferentially localized in the outer (stromal) leaflet. The proportion of the phospholipid in this leafl...

In the present study, we used Illumina sequencing technology (HiSeq 2000) to sequence the transcriptome of barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Morex) under three different heavy metal stress conditions: copper, zinc and cadmium. For each of those metals, the concentration causing a 50% inhibitory effect for root growth (EC50) was determined. We sequenced the total RNA of both roots and shoots from ...

Six-day-old seedlings of barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Hemus) were placed in darkness in order to induce senescence-like changes. The symptoms of senescence and the reversibility of the processes were followed by analyses of the content of leaf pigments, the levels of total soluble and Rubisco immunoreactive protein and total proteolytic activity with casein as a substrate. Rubisco specific d...

Anaerobically treated seedlings of Oryza sativa L. var arborio accumulated in their shoots more succinate than lactate and cell sap became alkaline. Conversely, in Triticum aestivum L. var MEK 86 lactate accumulation was far higher than that of succinate and cell sap was acidified. Anoxia clearly induced proton consumption in both species as an important means to prevent or counteract acidosis....

Nicotianamine synthase (NAS), the key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for the mugineic acid family of phytosiderophores, catalyzes the trimerization of S-adenosylmethionine to form one molecule of nicotianamine. We purified NAS protein and isolated the genes nas1, nas2, nas3, nas4, nas5-1, nas5-2, and nas6, which encode NAS and NAS-like proteins from Fe-deficient barley (Hordeum vulgare L. c...

Kernels of Klages barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were germinated for 1 to 4 days on moist sand at 18 degrees C. Representative kernels from each time period were dissected to give the following fractions: scutellum, subscutellar endosperm, aleurone-scutellum interface, remaining aleurone, subaleurone endosperm, and core endosperm. These tissues were analyzed for alpha-amylase components by isoelec...

The epidermal patterning factor (EPF) family of secreted signaling peptides regulate the frequency of stomatal development in model dicot and basal land plant species. Here, we identify and manipulate the expression of a barley (Hordeum vulgare) ortholog and demonstrate that when overexpressed HvEPF1 limits entry to, and progression through, the stomatal development pathway. Despite substantial...

The epidermal patterning factor (EPF) family of secreted signaling peptides regulate the frequency of stomatal development in model dicot and basal land plant species. Here, we identify and manipulate the expression of a barley (Hordeum vulgare) ortholog and demonstrate that when overexpressed HvEPF1 limits entry to, and progression through, the stomatal development pathway. Despite substantial...

The enzymic nature of the protein moiety of protochlorophyll(ide) holochrome was studied by following the fate of the [(14)C]protochlorophyll(ide) formed when dark-grown barley (Hordeum vulgare) or bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves are incubated in the dark with 3 mm 4-delta-[(14)C]aminolevulinic acid. It was found that: [List: see text]Since turnover of protochlorophyll(ide) was not observed, t...