Grip force control relies on accurate internal models of the dynamics of our motor system and the external objects we manipulate. Internal models are not fixed entities, but rather are trained and updated by sensory experience. Sensory feedback signals relevant object properties and mechanical events, e.g. at the skin-object interface, to modify motor commands and update internal representation...

Individual body segment actions evolve during throwing skill development. Maximal trunk involvement is typically the last feature of the movement pattern to fully develop. The current study examined developmental levels of trunk action and the associated variability in the throwing motion. The throwing motions of children and adolescents were analyzed via motion capture and trunk actions were c...

Using computer simulated tests, this study examined direction-of-motion stereotypes and response times for different configurations of lever controls and circular displays. Quantitative measures of the strength and reversibility of stereotypes were used to analyze the effects of pointer position, direction of turn instruction, and control plane on movement compatibility. The results showed that...

BACKGROUND One of the most effective ways for distal movement of molars to treat Class II malocclusion is using extraoral force through a headgear device. The purpose of this study was the comparison of stress distribution in maxillary first molar periodontium using straight pull headgear in vertical and horizontal tubes through finite element method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on the real g...

INTRODUCTION We report a case of hypertrophic olivary degeneration due to pontine hemorrhage. A 59-year-old male with untreated hypertension suffered a primary pontine hemorrhage, which caused horizontal eye-movement limitation. Progressive neurological deterioration with involuntary eye and palatal movements began months after hemorrhage. This was accompanied by magnetic resonance imaging evid...

The present study focused on the movements that owls perform before they swoop down on their prey. The working hypothesis was that owl head movements reflect the capacity to efficiently follow visually and auditory a moving prey. To test this hypothesis, five tame barn owls (Tyto alba) were each exposed 10 times to a live vole in a laboratory setting that enabled us to simultaneously record the...

PURPOSE To test our hypothesis about whether there is water migration in the horizontal corneal plane and investigate its developmental mechanism. METHODS A fluorescein solution was intrastromally injected into normal and edematous corneas of rabbits, and the movement of the fluorescein solution was observed and recorded over time. RESULTS In normal corneas, the water flow was characterized...

OBJECTIVES To introduce the surgical technique of 1-point fixation at the zygomaticomaxillary buttress (ZMB) and to verify its effectiveness using 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT). DESIGN Case series with chart review. SETTING Academic tertiary care medical center. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 29 patients who underwent 1-point fixation at the ZMB for zygomaticomaxillar...

Responses to horizontal and vertical ocular pursuit and head and body rotation in multiple planes were recorded in eye movement-sensitive neurons in the rostral vestibular nuclei (VN) of two rhesus monkeys. When tested during pursuit through primary eye position, the majority of the cells preferred either horizontal or vertical target motion. During pursuit of targets that moved horizontally at...

AD’s behavioral complexity and generalized end-stage pathology sheltered it from twentieth century cortical localizationism. But fundamental principles of brain organization cannot be avoided forever. Cummings [3] has developed a comprehensive case for recognizing the relevance of cortical localization to a twenty-first century understanding of AD. Our work supports this proposal by suggesting ...