Potential interactions between food production and climate mitigation are explored for two situations in sub-Saharan Africa, where deforestation and land degradation overlap with hunger and poverty. Three agriculture intensification scenarios for supplying nitrogen to increase crop production (mineral fertilizer, herbaceous legume cover crops--green manures--and agroforestry--legume improved tr...

Disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism have a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The term 'renal osteodystrophy' has recently been replaced by 'CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD)', which includes abnormalities in bone and mineral metabolism and vascular calcification. The Japanese Society for Dialysis Therap...

Introduction: Careful characterization of terrestrial concretions and Mars “blueberries” yields important criteria for distinguishing their diagenetic origin in comparison to other models for small, spherical forms. The Jurassic Navajo Sandstone in the Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument (GSENM), southern Utah, contains many hydrous ferric oxide mineralization geometries (HFO phases inc...

OBJECTIVE To analyze whether the factors causing low bone mineral density among elderly women are the same as those observed in other age groups. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on the medical records of a random sample of 413 white women seen at an imaging diagnostics service in a city of Southern Brazil, in 2003. Femoral bone mineral densities with adjustment using T-scores ...

Incompletely infiltrated collagen fibrils in acid-etched dentin are susceptible to degradation. We hypothesize that degradation can occur in the absence of bacteria. Partially demineralized collagen matrices (DCMs) prepared from human dentin were stored in artificial saliva. Control specimens were stored in artificial saliva containing proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, or pure mineral oil. We retr...

introduction worldwide, ni-cu and pge magmatic sulfide deposits are confined to the lower parts of stratiform mafic and ultramafic complexes. however, ophiolite mafic and ultramafic complexes have been rarely explored for sulfide deposits despite the fact that they have been extensively explored and exploited for chromite. sulfide saturation during magmatic evolution is necessary for sulfide mi...

A critical problem faced by a Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is that of ambiguity. The NIDS cannot always determine what traffic reaches a given host nor how that host will interpret the traffic, and attackers may exploit this ambiguity to avoid detection or cause misleading alarms. We present a novel, lightweight solution, Active Mapping, which eliminates TCP/IP-based ambiguity in a...

Host country government officials in developing and developed countries alike would like to know the impact of their public policies on foreign investment in their countries. Unfortunately, the literature does not provide a single view, and there are likely to be differences in the correct answer between developing and developed countries. This paper examines the impact of three host country go...

In order to fully delineate the interactions of microorganisms with geological substrates, unequivocal identification of intact microbial cells within geologic samples is required without the disruption of either the rock texture or the relationship of the microorganisms to the mineral fabric. To achieve this objective we developed a protocol that enables the visualization of intact microbial c...

This study investigates the influence of microbes on fluid transport in sedimentary and igneous host rock environments. It particularly focuses on granodiorite rock (Äspö; Sweden) and mudstone (Horonobe; Japan) that were utilised during laboratory-based column experiments. The results showed that biofilms form on both rock types in low nutrient conditions. Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy...